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Human Anatomy and Phys. > ch6 vocab > Flashcards

ch6 vocab Flashcards

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1
Q

astrocyte

A

Most common glial cell; has projections that cover portions of neurons and blood ves-
sels; control movement of materials out of blood vessels into nervous tissue

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2
Q

axon

A

a nerve fiber, long extension that conducts action potentials

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3
Q

axon hillock

A

cone shaped area where the axon connects to the soma

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4
Q

axon terminal

A

Also called synaptic knob or bouton: releases neurotransmitter into a synapse

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5
Q

bipolar neuron

A

has one dendrite and one axon

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6
Q

cell body

A

Soma or perikaryon; site of the nucleus and most other organelles

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7
Q

dendrite

A

Short extension that responds to a stimulus

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8
Q

ependymal cells

A

secretes serebrospinal fluid at choroid plexus in brin ventricles

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9
Q

ganglion

A

Collection of neuron cell bodies in the PNS

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10
Q

gray matter

A

Collection of neuron cell bodies in the CNS

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11
Q

interneuron

A

(Association neuron, internuncial neuron, connector neuron); a multipolar neuron that
conducts impulses within the CNS; its axon is a tract in the brain or spinal cord

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12
Q

microglia

A

Phagocytic glial cells in the CNS

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13
Q

motor neuron

A

Multipolar neuron that conducts impulses out of the CNS

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14
Q

multipolar neuron

A

has many dendrites and one axon

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15
Q

Myelin sheath

A

Tightly wrapped lipid layer around certain axons (myelinated axons)

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16
Q

Nerve

A

Collection of axons (neuron fibers) in the PNS

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17
Q

Node of Ranvier

A

Space between Schwann cells along a myelinated axon

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18
Q

Oligodendrocyte

A

Glial cell that forms myelin sheaths in the CNS

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19
Q

Satellite cell

A

Surrounds a neuron within a ganglion

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20
Q

Schwann cell

A

Glial cell that forms myelin sheaths in the PNS

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21
Q

Sensory neuron

A

Conduct impulses toward the CNS; most are unipolar, but some are bipolar

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22
Q

tract

A

Bundle of axons in the CNS

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23
Q

Unipolar neuron

A

Has a single projection extending from cell body; its dendrite and axon form one extension

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24
Q

White matter

A

Light-colored collection of axons in the CNS

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25
3rd ventricle
Slit-like cavity between the two halves of the hypothalamus
26
4th ventricle
Cavity between the pons and cerebellum
27
Arbor vitae
Branches of white matter in the cerebellum; seen in a medial view
28
Central sulcus
Sulcus that separates the frontal lobe from the parietal lobe
29
Cerebellum
Second largest part of the brain; located beneath the occipital lobes; consists of two cerebellar hemispheres and is important for maintaining balance and equilibrium
30
Cerebral aqueduct
Tube connecting 3rd and 4th ventricles; transports CSF
31
Cerebrum
Largest part of the brain; consists of a right and left cerebral hemisphere
32
Choroid plexus
Network of capillaries and ependymal cells within a ventricle; produces cer- ebrospinal fluid
33
Corpus callosum
Site of commissural fibers connecting cerebral hemispheres
34
Diencephalon
Between corpus callosum and midbrain; includes hypothalamus, thalamus, and epithalamus
35
Epithalamus
Superior portion of diencephalon; pineal body is attached to its posterior end
36
Frontal lobe
Anterior to the central sulcus; closest to the frontal bone; includes the pre- central gyrus
37
Gyrus
Raised ridge on the surface of the cerebrum
38
Hypothalamus
inferior portion of the diencephalon; center of autonomic nervous system function
39
Lateral sulcus
Sulcus that separates the temporal lobe from the parietal lobe
40
Lateral ventricles
Two large cavities, one in each cerebral hemisphere; separated by the septum pellucidum
41
Longitudinal fissure
Deep groove separating the right and left cerebral hemispheres
42
Medulla oblongata
Inferior bulge of the brainstem between the pons and spinal cord; contains many “centers” for involuntary control of muscles
43
Occipital lobe
Posterior to the parieto-occipital sulcus and located closest to the occipital bone
44
Parietal lobe
Posterior to the central sulcus; closest to the parietal bone; includes the postcentral gyrus
45
Parieto-occipital sulcus
Separates the parietal lobe from the occipital lobe
46
Pineal gland (body)
Posterior end of epithalamus; secretes melatonin important in sleep-wake cycles
47
Postcentral gyrus
Gyrus immediately posterior to the central sulcus
48
Precentral gyrus
Gyrus immediately anterior to the central sulcus
49
Sulcus
Groove between adjacent gyri on the surface of the cerebrum
50
Temporal lobe
Inferior to the lateral sulcus; closest to the temporal bone
51
Thalamus
Middle portion of diencephalon surrounding the intermediate mass
52
Ventricle
Cavity within the brain and it is filled with circulating cerebrospinal fluid
53
Amygdala
Part of the limbic system; in the temporal lobe; processes emotions for fear, anger, and pleasure; controls storage of emotional memories
54
Association fibers
Tracts that conduct impulses within a cerebral hemisphere
55
Auditory association area
In the temporal lobe; interpretation of sound
56
Auditory cortex
Gray matter for sound perception; in temporal lobes
57
Broca’s area
Speech center; controls motor movements for speech; usually in left frontal lobe
58
Commissural fibers
Tracts in the corpus callosum and connects right and left cerebral hemispheres
59
Frontal association area
(Prefrontal area) Gray matter for thought processing; in frontal lobes
60
Frontal eye field
Gray matter that controls voluntary eye movement; in frontal lobes
61
Gustatory cortex
Gray matter for taste perception; in the insula
62
Hippocampus
Part of the limbic system; controls conversion of short-term to long-term memory, emotional responses to memories, and spatial memory (remembering locations in space)
63
Interventricular foramen
(Foramen of Monro); passage for cerebrospinal fluid moving from the lateral ventricles into the third ventricle
64
Limbic system
Internal brain structures associated with emotions
65
Longitudinal fissure
Groove in the sagittal plane that separates the cerebral hemispheres
66
Motor cortex
Gray matter for voluntary muscle movement; in precentral gyrus of frontal lobe
67
Motor speech area
(Broca’s area); gray matter for speech control; usually in lateral side of left frontal lobe
68
Nuclei
Gray matter in brain regions deep to the cortex
69
Olfactory cortex
Gray matter for smell perception; in temporal lobes
70
Optic chiasma
Beneath frontal lobes and anterior to pituitary gland; where the two optic nerves unite
71
Pons
Part of brain stem; relay center between medulla oblongata and higher brain centers
72
Postcentral gyrus
in parietal lobe immediately posterior to central sulcus; contains somatosensory cortex
73
Precentral gyrus
In frontal lobe immediately anterior to central sulcus; contains primary motor cortex
74
Prefrontal area
Gray matter for problem-solving, imagination, artistic skills; in frontal lobes
75
Premotor area
Gray matter for memory of reflexive motor skills; in frontal lobes
76
Projection fibers
Tracts that connect the cerebrum to lower brain centers
77
Putamen
A basal nucleus; not well understood
78
Septum pellucidum
Membrane in sagittal plane and separates the lateral ventricles
79
Somatosensory association area
Gray matter for interpretation of somatosensory input; in parietal lobes
80
Somatosensory cortex
Gray matter for perception of touch, temperature, pressure; in postcentral gyrus
81
Tracts
Bundles of white matter (neuron axons) in the CNS
82
Visual association area
Gray matter for interpretation of visual input; in occipital lobes
83
Visual cortex
Gray matter for light perception; in occipital lobes
84
Wernicke’s area
(Auditory association area); gray matter for interpreting speech; in left temporal lobe
85
Anterior column
White matter between anterior horns
86
Anterior horns
Gray matter projections on anterior side of cord
87
Cauda equina
Nerve roots at inferior end of cord; resembles horse’s tail
88
Central canal
Small canal along entire length of cord
89
Lateral columns
White matter around lateral horns
90
Lateral horns
Lateral projections of gray matter in cord
91
Posterior columns
White matter between posterior horns
92
Posterior horns
Gray matter projections on posterior side of cord
93
Arachnoid mater
mmediately superficial to pia mater; resembles spider web
94
Dura mater
Most superficial meninx; tough and fibrous
95
Pia mater
Deepest meninx; thin membrane attached to surface of brain and spinal cord
96
Subarachnoid space
Between arachnoid and pia mater
97
Subdural space
Between dura mater and arachnoid

Human Anatomy and Phys. (2 decks)

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