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Human Anatomy and Phys. > ch6 vocab > Flashcards

ch6 vocab Flashcards

1
Q

astrocyte

A

Most common glial cell; has projections that cover portions of neurons and blood ves-
sels; control movement of materials out of blood vessels into nervous tissue

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2
Q

axon

A

a nerve fiber, long extension that conducts action potentials

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3
Q

axon hillock

A

cone shaped area where the axon connects to the soma

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4
Q

axon terminal

A

Also called synaptic knob or bouton: releases neurotransmitter into a synapse

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5
Q

bipolar neuron

A

has one dendrite and one axon

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6
Q

cell body

A

Soma or perikaryon; site of the nucleus and most other organelles

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7
Q

dendrite

A

Short extension that responds to a stimulus

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8
Q

ependymal cells

A

secretes serebrospinal fluid at choroid plexus in brin ventricles

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9
Q

ganglion

A

Collection of neuron cell bodies in the PNS

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10
Q

gray matter

A

Collection of neuron cell bodies in the CNS

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11
Q

interneuron

A

(Association neuron, internuncial neuron, connector neuron); a multipolar neuron that
conducts impulses within the CNS; its axon is a tract in the brain or spinal cord

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12
Q

microglia

A

Phagocytic glial cells in the CNS

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13
Q

motor neuron

A

Multipolar neuron that conducts impulses out of the CNS

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14
Q

multipolar neuron

A

has many dendrites and one axon

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15
Q

Myelin sheath

A

Tightly wrapped lipid layer around certain axons (myelinated axons)

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16
Q

Nerve

A

Collection of axons (neuron fibers) in the PNS

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17
Q

Node of Ranvier

A

Space between Schwann cells along a myelinated axon

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18
Q

Oligodendrocyte

A

Glial cell that forms myelin sheaths in the CNS

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19
Q

Satellite cell

A

Surrounds a neuron within a ganglion

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20
Q

Schwann cell

A

Glial cell that forms myelin sheaths in the PNS

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21
Q

Sensory neuron

A

Conduct impulses toward the CNS; most are unipolar, but some are bipolar

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22
Q

tract

A

Bundle of axons in the CNS

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23
Q

Unipolar neuron

A

Has a single projection extending from cell body; its dendrite and axon form one extension

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24
Q

White matter

A

Light-colored collection of axons in the CNS

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25
Q

3rd ventricle

A

Slit-like cavity between the two halves of the hypothalamus

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26
Q

4th ventricle

A

Cavity between the pons and cerebellum

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27
Q

Arbor vitae

A

Branches of white matter in the cerebellum; seen in a medial view

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28
Q

Central sulcus

A

Sulcus that separates the frontal lobe from the parietal lobe

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29
Q

Cerebellum

A

Second largest part of the brain; located beneath the occipital lobes; consists of
two cerebellar hemispheres and is important for maintaining balance and
equilibrium

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30
Q

Cerebral aqueduct

A

Tube connecting 3rd and 4th ventricles; transports CSF

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31
Q

Cerebrum

A

Largest part of the brain; consists of a right and left cerebral hemisphere

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32
Q

Choroid plexus

A

Network of capillaries and ependymal cells within a ventricle; produces cer-
ebrospinal fluid

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33
Q

Corpus callosum

A

Site of commissural fibers connecting cerebral hemispheres

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34
Q

Diencephalon

A

Between corpus callosum and midbrain; includes hypothalamus, thalamus, and
epithalamus

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35
Q

Epithalamus

A

Superior portion of diencephalon; pineal body is attached to its posterior end

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36
Q

Frontal lobe

A

Anterior to the central sulcus; closest to the frontal bone; includes the pre-
central gyrus

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37
Q

Gyrus

A

Raised ridge on the surface of the cerebrum

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38
Q

Hypothalamus

A

inferior portion of the diencephalon; center of autonomic nervous system
function

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39
Q

Lateral sulcus

A

Sulcus that separates the temporal lobe from the parietal lobe

40
Q

Lateral ventricles

A

Two large cavities, one in each cerebral hemisphere; separated by the septum
pellucidum

41
Q

Longitudinal fissure

A

Deep groove separating the right and left cerebral hemispheres

42
Q

Medulla oblongata

A

Inferior bulge of the brainstem between the pons and spinal cord; contains many
“centers” for involuntary control of muscles

43
Q

Occipital lobe

A

Posterior to the parieto-occipital sulcus and located closest to the occipital
bone

44
Q

Parietal lobe

A

Posterior to the central sulcus; closest to the parietal bone; includes the
postcentral gyrus

45
Q

Parieto-occipital sulcus

A

Separates the parietal lobe from the occipital lobe

46
Q

Pineal gland (body)

A

Posterior end of epithalamus; secretes melatonin important in sleep-wake cycles

47
Q

Postcentral gyrus

A

Gyrus immediately posterior to the central sulcus

48
Q

Precentral gyrus

A

Gyrus immediately anterior to the central sulcus

49
Q

Sulcus

A

Groove between adjacent gyri on the surface of the cerebrum

50
Q

Temporal lobe

A

Inferior to the lateral sulcus; closest to the temporal bone

51
Q

Thalamus

A

Middle portion of diencephalon surrounding the
intermediate mass

52
Q

Ventricle

A

Cavity within the brain and it is filled with circulating cerebrospinal
fluid

53
Q

Amygdala

A

Part of the limbic system; in the temporal lobe; processes emotions for fear, anger,
and pleasure; controls storage of emotional memories

54
Q

Association fibers

A

Tracts that conduct impulses within a cerebral hemisphere

55
Q

Auditory association area

A

In the temporal lobe; interpretation of sound

56
Q

Auditory cortex

A

Gray matter for sound perception; in temporal lobes

57
Q

Broca’s area

A

Speech center; controls motor movements for speech; usually in left frontal lobe

58
Q

Commissural fibers

A

Tracts in the corpus callosum and connects right and left cerebral hemispheres

59
Q

Frontal association area

A

(Prefrontal area) Gray matter for thought processing; in frontal lobes

60
Q

Frontal eye field

A

Gray matter that controls voluntary eye movement; in frontal lobes

61
Q

Gustatory cortex

A

Gray matter for taste perception; in the insula

62
Q

Hippocampus

A

Part of the limbic system; controls conversion of short-term to long-term
memory, emotional responses to memories, and spatial memory (remembering
locations in space)

63
Q

Interventricular foramen

A

(Foramen of Monro); passage for cerebrospinal fluid moving from the lateral
ventricles into the third ventricle

64
Q

Limbic system

A

Internal brain structures associated with emotions

65
Q

Longitudinal fissure

A

Groove in the sagittal plane that separates the cerebral hemispheres

66
Q

Motor cortex

A

Gray matter for voluntary muscle movement; in precentral gyrus of frontal lobe

67
Q

Motor speech area

A

(Broca’s area); gray matter for speech control; usually in lateral side of left frontal
lobe

68
Q

Nuclei

A

Gray matter in brain regions deep to the cortex

69
Q

Olfactory cortex

A

Gray matter for smell perception; in temporal lobes

70
Q

Optic chiasma

A

Beneath frontal lobes and anterior to pituitary gland; where the two optic nerves
unite

71
Q

Pons

A

Part of brain stem; relay center between medulla oblongata and higher brain
centers

72
Q

Postcentral gyrus

A

in parietal lobe immediately posterior to central
sulcus; contains somatosensory cortex

73
Q

Precentral gyrus

A

In frontal lobe immediately anterior to central sulcus; contains primary
motor cortex

74
Q

Prefrontal area

A

Gray matter for problem-solving, imagination, artistic skills; in frontal
lobes

75
Q

Premotor area

A

Gray matter for memory of reflexive motor skills; in frontal lobes

76
Q

Projection fibers

A

Tracts that connect the cerebrum to lower brain centers

77
Q

Putamen

A

A basal nucleus; not well understood

78
Q

Septum pellucidum

A

Membrane in sagittal plane and separates the lateral ventricles

79
Q

Somatosensory association
area

A

Gray matter for interpretation of somatosensory input; in parietal lobes

80
Q

Somatosensory cortex

A

Gray matter for perception of touch, temperature, pressure; in
postcentral gyrus

81
Q

Tracts

A

Bundles of white matter (neuron axons) in the CNS

82
Q

Visual association area

A

Gray matter for interpretation of visual input; in occipital lobes

83
Q

Visual cortex

A

Gray matter for light perception; in occipital lobes

84
Q

Wernicke’s area

A

(Auditory association area); gray matter for interpreting speech; in left
temporal lobe

85
Q

Anterior column

A

White matter between anterior horns

86
Q

Anterior horns

A

Gray matter projections on anterior side of cord

87
Q

Cauda equina

A

Nerve roots at inferior end of cord; resembles horse’s tail

88
Q

Central canal

A

Small canal along entire length of cord

89
Q

Lateral columns

A

White matter around lateral horns

90
Q

Lateral horns

A

Lateral projections of gray matter in cord

91
Q

Posterior columns

A

White matter between posterior horns

92
Q

Posterior horns

A

Gray matter projections on posterior side of cord

93
Q

Arachnoid mater

A

mmediately superficial to pia mater; resembles spider web

94
Q

Dura mater

A

Most superficial meninx; tough and fibrous

95
Q

Pia mater

A

Deepest meninx; thin membrane attached to surface of brain and spinal cord

96
Q

Subarachnoid space

A

Between arachnoid and pia mater

97
Q

Subdural space

A

Between dura mater and arachnoid

Human Anatomy and Phys. (2 decks)

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