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IGCSE ICT 0417 Theory > CH6- ICT applications > Flashcards

CH6- ICT applications Flashcards

1
Q

Uses of Newsletters and Posters?

A

Used to inform people about their interests and events. Schools use newsletters and posters for communication with parents.

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2
Q

What are the advantages of newsletters and posters?

A
  • Released regularly
  • Recipients have a permanent copy

.

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3
Q

What are the disadvantages of newsletters and posters?

A
  • Requires distribution
  • No special effects, sound/video/animation
  • Printing costs
  • Target audience may not receive information
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4
Q

Characteristics of websites?

A

A collection of webpages, text, graphics, video, and sound hosted on a web server on the internet.

Need to write code/ use a web authoring application. Hyperlinks (to other pages) can be added. Interactive websites require programming knowledge. Can use a camera, scanner, and microphone to input data. Usually, hire space from the web hosting company.

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5
Q

What are the advantages of websites?

A
  • Ability to add sound/video/animation
  • Links to other websites
  • Use of hot spots
  • Navigation buttons
  • Hit counters
  • Worldwide advertising capability
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6
Q

What are the disadvantages of websites?

A
  • Can be hacked or modified
  • Requires a computer and internet connection
  • Lack of portability compared to paper systems
  • Needs maintenance
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7
Q

Characteristics of multimedia presentations?

A

Presentations that use a mixture of media to present information, including animations, video, sound, and hyperlinks. Produced using software packages. Used with a projector so a large audience can view

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8
Q

What are the advantages of multimedia presentations?

A
  • Use of sound and animation/video effects
  • Interactive/hyperlinks
  • More likely to hold the audience’s attention
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9
Q

What are the disadvantages of multimedia presentations?

A
  • Need for special equipment
  • May require internet access
  • Can distract from content
  • Risk of excessive features
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10
Q

What is media streaming?

A

Real-time transition of audio and video files over the internet without downloading. Allows users to access content without downloading it to their devices. Uses buffering, which makes sure the video plays back smoothly without freezing. While the buffer receives data packets, it sends previously received ones to the playback device so that there are no gaps in the played data

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11
Q

List the advantages of media streaming.

A
  • Access information anytime, anywhere
  • Extensive library of content
  • More cost-effective than traditional TV subscriptions
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12
Q

List the disadvantages of media streaming.

A
  • Relies on stable, high-speed internet
  • Not all content available due to licensing
  • You don’t own the media
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13
Q

What are ePublications?

A

Digital versions of printed materials, such as eBooks, eMagazines, and eNewspapers. Can be read on electronic devices.

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14
Q

List the advantages of ePublications.

A
  • Aid portability
  • More affordable than paperbacks
  • Offer interactive elements
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15
Q

List the disadvantages of ePublications.

A
  • Prolonged reading can cause eyestrain
  • Lack of tactile experience
  • Compatibility issues
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16
Q

What are the forms of mobile communication?

A
  • SMS messaging
  • Phone calls
  • VoIP
  • Video calls
  • Accessing the internet
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17
Q

What are the advantages of using models?

A
  • Less expensive than real-life models
  • Safer to use
  • Allows testing different scenarios
  • Faster than real-life tasks
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18
Q

What are the disadvantages of using models?

A
  • Output relies on input, so can’t be completely reliant
  • Can be costly
  • Human reluctance to adopt technology
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19
Q

List some applications of computer modelling.

A
  • Personal finance
  • Bridge and building design
  • Flood water management
  • Traffic management
  • Weather forecasting
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20
Q

CM: Personal Finance How it helps?

A

Uses mathematical algorithms and data analysis to simulate various financial scenarios, such as investment strategies, retirement planning, and risk assessment.

making informed decisions and optimizing their financial goals.

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21
Q

CM: Bridge and building design How it helps?

A

Allows engineers to simulate and analyze structural behaviour, assess load capacities, and predict the response to external forces.

optimizing designs, ensuring structural integrity, and minimizing potential risks before construction begins.

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22
Q

CM: Flood water management How it helps?

A

Simulates water flow behaviour, predicting flood extents, and assessing potential flood risks.

Helps design and optimise flood mitigation measures, such as levees and floodplain zoning, allowing authorities to make informed decisions, develop effective emergency response plans, and minimize the impact of flooding on communities.

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23
Q

CM: Traffic management How it helps?

A

Simulates and analyses traffic flow, predicts congestion patterns, and optimises traffic control strategies.

Designing efficient road networks, optimizing signal timings, and evaluating the impact of transportation infrastructure projects. This enables authorities to make informed decisions, alleviate congestion, and improve overall traffic efficiency for better urban mobility.

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24
Q

CM: Weather Forecasting How it helps?

A

Simulates the Earth’s atmosphere, oceanic conditions, and other environmental factors. These models use complex algorithms to predict weather patterns, including temperature, precipitation, wind speed, and storm systems.

Computer models use real-time data to generate forecasts that enable meteorologists predict weather, issue warnings, and assist society in getting ready for possible dangers.

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25
Q

What are the advantages of computer modelling over humans?

A
  • More precise and accurate results
  • Analyzes large amounts of data faster
  • Easily reusable and updatable
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26
Q

What are the disadvantages of computer modelling compared to humans?

A
  • May overlook nuanced factors
  • Based on assumptions, introducing uncertainty
  • Struggles to adapt to unforeseen circumstances
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27
Q

How are computer controlled systems used in robotics in manufacturing?

A

Using automated machines to perform tasks such as assembly, welding, and packaging.

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28
Q

List the advantages of using robots in manufacturing.

A
  • Work in harmful environments
  • Work non-stop
  • Low running costs
  • Higher productivity
  • Greater consistency
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29
Q

List the disadvantages of using robots in manufacturing.

A
  • Difficulty with unusual tasks
  • Higher unemployment
  • Deskilling of workers
  • High initial setup costs
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30
Q

How are computer-controlled systems used in production line control?

A

Using computers and software to monitor, coordinate, and optimize manufacturing processes.

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31
Q

How are computer controlled systems used in Autonomous vehicles?

A

Self-driving cars and drones guided by computer algorithms.
enhance safety
reduce traffic congestion
increase fuel efficiency

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32
Q

What are the advantages of computer-controlled systems?

A
  • Increased efficiency and productivity
  • Greater consistency
  • Ability to work in any environment
  • Reduced human error
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33
Q

What are the disadvantages of computer-controlled systems?

A
  • Very high installation costs
  • High maintenance costs
  • Dependency on reliability
  • Lack of flexibility
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34
Q

What are school management systems?

A

Comprehensive software applications that automate administrative tasks (attendance, grading, scheduling, student information management) in educational institutions.

35
Q

List the advantages of school management systems.

A
  • Quicker addressing of absenteeism
  • Keeps parents updated
  • Reduces workload for teachers
36
Q

List the disadvantages of school management systems.

A
  • Requires training
  • High initial cost
  • Needs to prevent unauthorized access
37
Q

What is the purpose of learner registration and attendance systems?

A

To track student attendance accurately.
ID cards with magnetic tapes.
Biometrics.

38
Q

What are the advantages of biometrics over magnetic ID cards?

A
  • Unique fingerprints prevent forgery
  • More secure

Biometrics are harder to clone than ID cards.

39
Q

What are the disadvantages of biometrics compared to magnetic ID cards?

A
  • Time-consuming to collect fingerprints
  • Expensive equipment needed
  • Privacy invasion concerns
40
Q

How can spreadsheets be used in education?

A

To record and compare students’ performances over the academic year.

41
Q

What is computer-aided learning (CAL)?

A

Use of computer-based technologies to help students aquire academic material (supplements classroom instruction)

42
Q

List some applications of booking systems.

A
  • Travel industry
  • Concerts
  • Cinemas
  • Sporting events
43
Q

List the advantages of booking systems.

A
  • Convenience and accessibility
  • Instant confirmation
  • Ability to compare prices
  • Cost-saving due to reduced staff
44
Q

List the disadvantages of booking systems.

A
  • Potential technical issues
  • Security and privacy concerns
  • Impersonal customer service
  • Dependent on stable internet connection
45
Q

online banking systems?

A

Allows instant updates(of files) to avoid double scheduling.
internet banking
ATMs
Chip and PIN

46
Q

What do automated teller machines (ATMs) do?

A

Allow customers to withdraw cash and perform banking activities using cards(credit/debit).

47
Q

List the advantages of ATMs.

A
  • Withdraw at any time
  • Access many banking services
  • Quicker service than waiting in line
48
Q

List the disadvantages of ATMs.

A
  • Theft risk
  • Potential for shoulder surfing
  • Withdrawal limits imposed
  • Service charges
49
Q

What is Electronic Funds Transfer (EFT)?

A

Sending money transfer instructions electronically between accounts.

50
Q

List the advantages of EFT.

A
  • Secure payment method
  • Quick payment method
  • Less expensive than cheques
51
Q

What are the disadvantages of EFT?

A
  • Cannot be reversed easily
  • Funds must be available immediately
  • No guarantee of recipient’s identity
52
Q

What are the advantages of credit cards?

A
  • Customer protection
  • Internationally accepted
  • Interest-free loan if paid on time
53
Q

What are the disadvantages of credit cards?

A
  • High-interest rates
  • Annual fees
  • Risk of credit damage
54
Q

What are the advantages of debit cards?

A
  • No interest charges
  • Safer than cash
  • Can make online purchases
55
Q

What are the disadvantages of debit cards?

A
  • Less customer protection
  • No credit allowed
  • Security risks in transactions
56
Q

What is a cheque?

A

A form of payment where the payer writes the recipient’s name, payment amount, and date.

57
Q

What are the advantages of debit cards?

A
  • Money comes from the user’s current account, there is no interest
  • Safer than carrying cash
  • Can make online purchases

Debit cards provide a direct and immediate way to access funds without incurring debt.

58
Q

What are the disadvantages of debit cards?

A
  • Less customer protection if goods don’t arrive
  • No credit allowed; funds are needed at the time of purchase
  • Security risks in online transactions

Debit cards may expose users to higher risks in case of fraud or transaction disputes.

59
Q

What are the key components involved in issuing a cheque?

A
  • Payer writes the recipient’s name
  • Payer writes the payment amount
  • Payer writes the date
  • Recipient deposits the cheque
  • Payer’s bank verifies fund availability

Cheques are a traditional form of payment that involves multiple steps for processing.

60
Q

What are the advantages of using cheques?

A
  • More convenient and safer than cash
  • Can be post-dated
  • Can be traced if they are lost

Cheques provide a paper trail and can be managed to avoid immediate cash withdrawals.

61
Q

What are the disadvantages of using cheques?

A
  • Aren’t legal tender and can be refused
  • Slow method of payment
  • Easier for fraudsters than other methods
  • Relatively expensive payment method

Cheques have limitations in terms of speed and acceptance compared to electronic payments.

62
Q

What is Internet Banking?

A

A service that enables online access to banking services via a secure website or app, allowing for transfers, bill payments, account management, and more.

Internet banking has revolutionized how individuals manage their finances by providing accessibility and convenience.

63
Q

What are the advantages of Internet Banking?

A
  • Convenience and availability
  • Easy account management
  • Branch visiting won’t be a requirement
  • Interest rates may be better
  • More accessible to shop around for the best account

These benefits underscore the shift towards digital banking solutions in modern finance.

64
Q

What are the disadvantages of Internet Banking?

A
  • Security of transactions
  • Requires a reliable internet connection
  • More risk of fraud
  • Easier to make errors
  • Physical cash can’t be deposited/withdrawn

While convenient, Internet banking does pose several risks that users need to be aware of.

65
Q

What is the role of information systems in medicine?

A
  • Maintain databases for patient records
  • Communicate information between healthcare professionals
  • Track medication usage and verify prescription accuracy

Information systems play a crucial role in ensuring patient safety and effective healthcare delivery.

66
Q

What are the uses of 3D printers in medicine?

A
  • Prosthetics: print artificial body parts
  • Tissue engineering: create functional tissues or organs
  • Artificial blood vessels: support tissue repair
  • Customized medicines: tailored drug formulations

3D printing technology is transforming the medical field by enabling personalized healthcare solutions.

67
Q

What is an Expert System?

A

An AI-based computer program that emulates the decision-making capabilities of human experts, providing accurate advice or solutions in a specific domain.

Expert systems are designed to solve complex problems by applying knowledge and rules in a specific area.

68
Q

What are the components of an Expert System?

A
  • User Interface: This is the only thing that the end user sees. Allows the user to interact with the system. Often requires training to operate effectively
  • Explanation system: Informs the user of the reasoning behind the expert system’s conclusions. It will supply a conclusion and any suggested actions to take. It will also give the percentage probability of the accuracy of its conclusions
  • Inference engine: The main processing element of the system. It acts like a search engine examining the knowledge base. Responsible for gathering information. This is the problem-solving part of the system. Attempts to use information gathered from the user to find a matching object
  • Knowledge base: It is a repository of facts.
    stores all the knowledge about an area of expertise. a collection of objects and their attributes.
  • Rules base: The rules base is a set of inference rules. Used by the inference engine to draw conclusions. They follow logical thinking.

Each component plays a vital role in the functionality and effectiveness of an expert system.

69
Q

What are Point of Sale (POS) terminals used for?

A

Computerized systems used at checkout counters to handle purchases and oversee stock, enabling quick and secure payment processing.

POS terminals streamline the retail transaction process and help manage inventory efficiently.

70
Q

What is the function of Electronic Funds Transfer at Point of Sale (EFTPOS) terminals?

A
  • Process electronic payments
  • Allow customers to pay using debit or credit cards
  • Authenticate and authorize transactions in real-time

EFTPOS terminals enhance the payment experience for both customers and retailers by ensuring secure transactions.

71
Q

What are the advantages of Internet Shopping for customers?

A
  • Access to the global market
  • Comparison between different products effortlessly
  • Can shop from anywhere in the world
  • Able to avoid queues and busy stores

Internet shopping offers unmatched convenience and flexibility compared to traditional retail.

72
Q

What are the disadvantages of Internet Shopping for customers?

A
  • Security concerns
  • Can’t correctly examine products before purchase
  • Occasionally, products may take weeks before being delivered
  • Additional shipping and handling costs
  • Lack of face-to-face interaction with staff

Despite its advantages, Internet shopping comes with challenges that consumers must navigate.

73
Q

What is Optical Mark Recognition (OMR)?

A

A technology used to scan and store data from paper forms, such as school registers and examination papers, by detecting marks made by pens or pencils.

OMR is widely used for data entry in educational settings and surveys.

74
Q

What are the advantages of Optical Character Recognition (OCR)?

A
  • Fast monitoring of vehicle speeds
  • Eliminates the need for manned security
  • Faster than manual ticket checking
  • Can analyze driver behavior

OCR enhances efficiency in various systems by automating data capture and analysis.

75
Q

What is Radio-Frequency Identification (RFID) used for?

A
  • Tracking stock
  • Managing livestock
  • Secure access in car parks
  • Automating payments in retail

RFID technology is increasingly used for tracking and inventory management across various sectors.

76
Q

What are the advantages of Near Field Communication (NFC)?

A
  • Convenient and secure method of payment
  • Allows for contactless transactions

NFC technology simplifies transactions and enhances user experience in retail environments.

77
Q

What are the advantages of Biometric recognition?

A
  • Very high accuracy
  • Easy to use
  • Fast verification time
  • Non-intrusive method
  • Relatively inexpensive technology

Biometric systems are becoming popular for security due to their effectiveness and user-friendliness.

78
Q

What are the disadvantages of Biometric recognition?

A
  • Can make mistakes if the skin is dirty or damaged
  • Expensive to install and set up
  • Uses a lot of memory for data storage
  • Illness can affect identification

These limitations highlight the need for careful implementation and management of biometric systems.

79
Q

What is Global Positioning System (GPS)?

A

A system used to determine the exact location of transport modes by receiving signals from satellites surrounding the Earth.

GPS technology is fundamental for navigation and location-based services.

80
Q

What are the advantages of Satellite Navigation (satnav)?

A
  • Improves focus by eliminating the need for paper maps
  • Warns drivers about speed changes
  • Provides Estimated Time of Arrival (ETA)
  • Can suggest the fastest routes

Satellite navigation systems are essential tools for modern drivers, enhancing travel efficiency.

81
Q

What are the disadvantages of Geographic Information Systems (GIS)?

A
  • Long learning curve
  • Very expensive software
  • Requires large amounts of data input
  • Difficult to create user-friendly programs

Implementing GIS can be resource-intensive, impacting its accessibility for some users.

82
Q

What are the advantages of using satellite signals for media communication?

A
  • Good global coverage
  • Cheaper and faster than laying cables
  • High bandwidth
  • Easy to expand the network
  • Good security in transmission

Satellite communication is vital for media companies, especially in remote areas.

83
Q

What are the disadvantages of using satellite signals for media communication?

A
  • Time delay in signal receipt
  • Susceptibility to weather conditions
  • Requires regular monitoring to maintain orbit

These challenges can affect the reliability of satellite communications in media.

84
Q
A

IGCSE ICT 0417 Theory (9 decks)

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