Ch.6 Fluid, Electrolyte, and Acid-Base Balance

Question 1

Hypochloremia(concentration of blood chloride is low) is usually associated with what?

Answer 1

Metabolic acidosis

Question 2

What process helps with elimination of waste in the kidneys?

Answer 2

Filtration

Question 3

Sodium primarily maintains extracellular fluid_______

Answer 3

Osmolality

Question 4

Because an antiacid counter acts acid, what might a patient present with that takes a lot of antacids?

Answer 4

Metabolic Acidosis

Question 5

True or False: Mg2+ is found in bone, intracellular AND extracellular fluid

Answer 5

False

Question 6

Name two s/s of a patient with hypernatremia?

Answer 6

Thirst, flushed skin, dry mucous membrane, low urine output, increased heart rate and convulsions

Question 7

A patient who has renal damage is at risk of what?

Answer 7

Hyperkalemia (high potassium)

Question 7

How does a kidney prevent excessive fluid loss?

Answer 7

Absorption in the tubules

Question 8

How much does 1 L of fluid weigh?

Answer 8

2.2lbs

Question 9

In Metabolic Acidosis, the pH is low. What might a nurse observe in a patient who is trying to compensate?

Answer 9

Hyperventilation

Question 10

When a patient is hypovolemic(fluid deficit), that main treatment is?

Answer 10

Intake fluids (drinking, IV fluids, blood)

Question 11

Ions that have a positive electrical charge are called?

Answer 11

cations

Question 12

K+ is found in the ______ cellular fluid

Answer 12

Intracellular

Question 13

Fluid balance is mainly monitored in the body by which two systems?

Answer 13

Circulatory and Renal

Question 14

Bananas, carrots, and tomatoes are high in which electrolytes?

Answer 14

Potassium (K+)

Question 15

If a patient is hyperventilating, what condition might they bring on?

Answer 15

Respiratory Alkalosis

Question 16

If you have an order to administer K+ and a patients K+ is high, what should you do?

Answer 16

Call the provider

Question 17

If a patient is very thirsty a nurse would suspect ______ sodium and _____ water

Answer 17

High, Low

Question 18

With severe Metabolic Acidosis a nurse should assess what often?

Answer 18

Mental and Neuro status

Question 19

True or False: Extracellular fluids is responsible for carrying fluids with nutrients and wastes

Answer 19

true

Question 20

What is the most abundant intracellular + charged electrolyte?

Answer 20

Potassium (K+)

Question 21

What lab values would you expect to be elevated in a patient with dehydration?

Answer 21

Hemoglobin and Hematocrit

Question 22

What makes up the largest portion of the body?

Answer 22

water

Question 23

In an older adult, what is an early indicator of dehydration?

Answer 23

constipation

Question 24

Oxygen goes out of the arteries and into the capillaries by a random movement called?

Answer 24

diffusion

Question 25

What should the nurse immediately assess when discovering a high K+?

Answer 25

heart rhythm

Question 26

What type of IV fluids might decrease urine output and require you to update the RN?

Answer 26

D5W

Question 27

What diagnosis could you expect if a patient has had IV fluids running in fast for a long time?

Answer 27

pulmonary edema

Question 28

Electrolytes are dissolved into smaller particles called what?

Answer 28

ions

Question 29

When water is absorbed in the renal tubules, the urine will become more or less concentrated?

Answer 29

more

Question 30

Will urine become more or less concentrated with ADH?

Answer 30

more

Question 31

Movement of water-fluid from less concentrated compartments is called?

Answer 31

osmosis

Question 32

Na+ is in which cellular fluid?

Answer 32

extra cellular

Question 33

Ions that have a negative charge are called?

Answer 33

anions

Question 34

Placing a patient in high fowlers helps ______ by using gravity

Answer 34

diffusion

Question 35

The most abundant electrolyte in the body

Answer 35

Sodium Na+

Question 36

The tendency to maintain relatively constant conditions in the fluid compartments is called

Answer 36

Homeostasis

Question 37

99% of Ca2+ is found where?

Answer 37

bones and teeth

Question 38

True or False: Diffusion does use energy

Answer 38

False

Question 39

When electrolytes are dissolved in water, they break up into small particles called?

Answer 39

ions

Question 40

Which electrolyte regulates osmotic pressure between fluid compartments and to assist in regulating acid-base balance?

Answer 40

Cl-

Question 41

What type of medication can we give to promote elimination of excess water?

Answer 41

diuretics

Question 42

A substance that develops an electrical change when dissolved in water is called an

Answer 42

electrolytes

Question 43

Most of the body’s fluid are found where?

Answer 43

within cells