Ch.6 Fluid And Electrolytes

Question 1

Range for Potassium

Answer 1

3.5-5.1

Question 2

Range for Sodium

Answer 2

135-145

Question 3

Range of Chloride

Answer 3

98-107

Question 4

Range for Magnesium

Answer 4

1.3-2.1

Question 5

Range for Calcuim

Answer 5

9.0-10.5

Question 6

Range for Phosphate

Answer 6

3.0-4.5

Question 7

Function of potassium

Answer 7

Pumps the heart & muscles
(Priority lab)

Question 8

Function of Sodium

Answer 8

(Swells the body to) Maintain blood pressure, blood volume, and pH balance)

Question 9

Function of Chloride

Answer 9

(Sodium’s side kick) Maintains blood pressure, blood volume, and pH balance

Question 10

Function of Magnesium

Answer 10

Calms (mellows) the muscles

Question 11

Function of calcium

Answer 11

(Keeps the 3 b’s strong; cows) promotes strong bones, blood, and beats

Question 12

Function of Phosphate

Answer 12

(Helps by doing the opposite of calcium) promotes bone & teeth formation

Question 13

Hyperkalemia (Tight & contracted)

Answer 13

Above 5.0
Heart
1st: elevation of peaked t-wave
2nd: severe= Vfib or cardiac standstill
3rd: hypotension, bradycardia
GI
1st: Diarrhea
2nd: Hyperactive bowel sounds
Neuromuscular
1st: Paralysis in extremities, Increased DTR
2nd: profound muscle weakness (feeling heavy)

Question 14

Hypokalemia (low & slow)

Answer 14

Below 3.0
Heart
1st: flat T-wave, ST depression & prominent u-wave
Muscular
1st: decreased DTR
2nd: muscle cramping
3rd: flaccid paralysis (paralyzed limbs)
GI Tract
1st: Decreased mobility
2nd: Absent bowel sounds (constipation)
3rd: abdominal distention
4th: paralytic lieu’s, paralyzed intestines
PRIORITY FOR SBO (small bowel obstruction)

Question 15

Hypernatremia (Big & Bloated)

Answer 15

Above 145
1st: Skin
Flushed “red/rosy”
Edema “waterbed skin
Low grade fever
2nd: polydipsia
Extreme thirst
3rd: LATE SIGNS
Swollen dry skin
Nausea/vomiting
Increased muscle tone

Question 16

Hyponatremia (depressed/deflated)

Answer 16

Below 135
1st: neuro
Seizure/coma “dry brain”
2nd: heart
Tachycardia & weak,thready pulse
RESPIRATORY ARREST (difficulty breathing)

Question 17

Hyperchloremia (same as sodium, big&bloated)

Answer 17

Above 107
1st: nausea + vomiting
2nd: swollen dry tongue
3rd: confusion

Question 18

Hypochloremia

Answer 18

Below 97
1st: excessive diarrhea, vomiting, sweating
2. Fever

Question 19

Hypermagnesemia (calm&quiet)

Answer 19

Over 2.1
1st: Heart
Heart block
Prolonged PR intervals
(Vitals: bradycardia, hypotension)
2nd: DTR
Hyporeflexia - decreased reflexes
3rd: Lungs
Depressed, shallow respirations
4. Hypoactive bowel sounds

Question 20

Hypomagnesium (BUCKWILD!)

Answer 20

Below 1.3
1st: Heart
EKG= ST depression, Twave inversion
Severe= V fib (vitals: tachycardia)
2nd: DTR
Increased reflexes (kicking like Krazy)
3rd: EYES
abnormal eye movement (NYSTAGMAS)
4. GI
Diarrhea

Question 21

Hypercalcemia (swollen + slow; moans, groans, stones)

Answer 21

1st: constipation
2nd: bone pain
3rd: STONES (kidney stones)
4. Decreased DTR (severe muscle weakness)

Question 22

Hypocalcemia

Answer 22

1. Trousseau’s (twerking arm)
2. Chvostek’s ( 2 faced cheek smile)
3. Diarrhea
4. Circumoral tingling (around mouth)
5. Weak bones

Can be caused by low intake of Vitamin D and/or multiple blood transfusions

Question 23

Hyperphosphatemia (Low calcium)

Answer 23

Above 4.5

1. Trousseau’s (twerking arm)
2. Chvostek’s ( 2 faced cheek smile)
3. Diarrhea
4. Weak b’- blood, bones, beats
   -fractures
   -risk for bleeding “weak clotting”
   -cardiac dysrhythmias”

Question 24

Hypophosphatemia (moans, groans, stones)

Answer 24

1st: constipation
2nd: bone pain
3rd: STONES (kidney stones) “renal canuli”
4. Decreased DTR (severe muscle weakness)