ch6- anxiety & related disorders Flashcards
anxiety
future oriented EMOTION towards uncontrollability and unpredictability of a potential negative outcome
fear
an alarmed reaction to a present threat
worry
cognitive component of anxiety- thoughts about future (-ve) outcomes that are intrusive and difficult to control
which gender more susceptible to fear?
F but cultural factors should also be taken into consideration
does anxiety decline with age?
yes
selective mutism
extreme form of social anxiety disorder. those who have SM usually also have SAD.
Social anxiety disorder prevalence
1-2%, 3-4% adolescents
PSTD cluster of symptoms (4)
reexperiencing, avoidance, negative affect, arousal/reactivity
reactive attachment disorder
extreme underdeveloped attachment to caregiver, withdrawn towards them, doesn’t seek comfort when distressed, doesn’t respond to comfort (diagnosis: at least 9 months)
disinhibited social engagement disorder
child displays overly familiar behaviour/indifference towards strangers (diagnosis: at least 9 months)
dissociation
derealisation (marked sense of unreality) and depersonalization (out of body experience)
panic disorder
recurrent uncued panic attacks
groups of stressors for PTSD (2 sets)
- acute, non-abusive (floods/accidents)
2. chronic, abusive (sexual abuse/war)
behavioural inhibition
likelihood to withdraw from unfamiliar situations and hyperviligance to environment. its a temperament that predicts social anxiety disorder
effortful control
the ability to self-regulate
phobia
fears/worries that are excessive, hard to control, involuntary. persistent, maladaptive, lead to avoidance and interfere with normal functioning
Rachman’s 3-pathway theory of how fears can be learned
- classical conditioning of fear
- modelling- observing other’s reaction to fearful situation
- verbal threats from others
relaxation training
teaches to be aware of muscles, its reaction to anxiety, and teaching skills to control these reactions.
can be “cue-controlled”: taught to realx after hearing specific word
desensitization/ systematic desensitization
relaxation training + exposure
modeling
youth observes person adaptively interacting with fearful situation
participant modeling: fearful child joins model to gradually approach the feared object
contingency management
operant conditioning:
+ve reinforcement after interaction with feared object
-ve reinforcement after avoidance
SSRI treats…
social anxiety
separation anxiety
generalised anxiety
but it only helps somatic symptoms. not first choice
OCD can be treated with..
medication & CBT
meds not too efficient
response prevention
child slowly conditioned to prevent the urge to perform conpulsive ritual
