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anatomy ch.3-5 > ch.5 tissues > Flashcards

ch.5 tissues Flashcards

1
Q

what is the study of tissues called?

A

histology

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2
Q

many cells are tightly packed within ___ ___ that connet their cell membranes

A

intercellular junctions

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3
Q

what are the types of intercellular junctions? describe them

A

-tight junction: membranes converge and fuse
-demosome: rivets skin cells, enabling them to form reinforced structural unit
-gap junctions: tubular channels between cells

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4
Q

where can tight junctions be found? desmosome? gap junction?

A

-digestive tract and blood vessel in brain
-outer skin cells
-heart muscle, muscle digestive tract

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5
Q

what are the 4 major types of of tissues?

A

-epithelial
-connective
-muscle
-nervous

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6
Q

describe the simple characteristics of epithelial tissues

A

-cover all free body surfaces, forms inner lining of body cavities, lines hollow organs, and major tissue of glans
-the protect, secret, absorb, and excrete
-free surface on outside (apical) and basement membrane on inside
-cells readily divide and heal injuries

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7
Q

epithelial tissue are classified layer and shape, list these

A

-simple (one layer), stratified (2 or more layer), pseudestratified (appears layered, but is not)
-squamous (flat), cubodial (cube shaped), columnar (tall)

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8
Q

describe simple squamous epithelium by description, function, location

A

-single layered, flattened
-filtration, diffusion, osmosis, covers surface
-air sac of lung, walls of capillaries, lining of blood and lymph vessels, lining body cavities, covering viscera

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9
Q

describe simple cubodial epithelium by description, function, location

A

-single layered, cube shaped cells
-protection, secretion, absorption
-surface of ovaries, linings of kidney tubes, linings of ducts of certain glands

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10
Q

describe simple columnar epithelium by description, function, location

A

-single layered, elongated cells
-protection, secretion, absorption
-linings of uterus, stomach, and intestines

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11
Q

describe pseudostratified columnar epithelium by description, function, location

A

-single layered, elongated cells
-secretion, protection, movement of mucus and substances
-linings of respiratory passages

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12
Q

describe stratified squamous epithelium by description, function, location

A

-many layers, top cells flattened
-protection
-superficial portions of skin and linings of oral cavity, vagina, and anal cavity

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13
Q

describe stratified cuboidal epithelium by description, function, location

A

-2 or 3 layers, cube shaped cells
-protection
-linings of ducts of mammary glands, sweat glands, salivary glands, pancreas

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14
Q

describe stratified columnar epithelium by description, function, location

A

-top layer elongated, lower layer cube shaped cells
-protection, secretion
-parts of male urethra and linings of larger ducts of excretory glands

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15
Q

describe transitional epithelium by description, function, location

A

-many layers of cube shaped and elongated cells
-distensibility and protection
-inner linings of urinary bladder and lings of uterers and urethra

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16
Q

what are glandular epithelium composed of? where are they found? how are they classified?a

A

-specialized cells to secrete substances found within columnar or cubodial epithelium
-exocrine (secrete into ducts) and endocrine (secrete into tissue or blood)

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17
Q

how are exocrine glands classified according to organization of cells?

A

-simple: doesn’t branch, communicates by duct
-compound: duct branches before it reaches secretory portion
-tubular: compound, consist of epithelial lined tubes
-alveolar: compound, terminal portions form sac-like dilation

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18
Q

how are exocrine glands classified according to the composition of their secretion?

A

-merocrine glands: secrete fluid by exocytosis (salivary and sweat glands, pancreases)
-apocrine glands: lose small part of cells during secretion (mammary and ceruminous glans)
-holocrine glands: release entire cells filled with secretions

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19
Q

define serous fluid. define mucus

A

-a substance that is watery and slippery (associated with visceral and parietal membranes)
-a thicker, protective fluid lining the inner portions of different systems (rich in glycoprotein mucin)

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20
Q

most exocrine cells are __ and can be sub classified based on their own secretion of ___ or ___

A

-merocrine gland
-serous fluid
-mucus

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21
Q

provide a description of areolar connective tissue by listing description, function, and location

A

-cells in fluid gel matrix
-binds organs
-beneath the skin, surrounds organs

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22
Q

provide a description of adipose connective tissue by listing description, function, and location

A

-cells in fluid gel matrix
-protects, insulates, and stores fat
-beneath the skin, around the kidneys, behind the eyeballs, on the surface of the heart
-also known as fat

23
Q

provide a description of reticular connective tissue by listing description, function, and location

A

-cells in fluid-gel matrix
-supports
-walls of liver and spleen

24
Q

provide a description of dense regular connective tissue by listing description, function, and location

A

-cells in fluid-gel matrix
-binds body parts
-tendons, ligaments

25
Q

provide a description of dense irregular connective tissue by listing description, function, and location

A

-cells in fluid gel matrix
-sustain tissue tension
-dermis

26
Q

provide a description of elastic connective tissue by listing description, function, and location

A

-cells in fluid-gel matrix
-provides elastic quality
-connecting parts of the spinal column, in walls of arteries and airways

27
Q

provide a description of hyaline cartilage connective tissue by listing description, function, and location

A

-cells in solid-gel matrix
-supports, protects, provides framework
-ends of bones, nose and rings in walls of respiratory

28
Q

provide a description of elastic cartilage connective tissue by listing description, function, and location

A

-cells in solid-gel matrix
-supports, protects, provides flexible framework
-framework of external ear and part of larynx

29
Q

provide a description of fibrocartilage cartilage connective tissue by listing description, function, and location

A

-cells in solid gel matrix
-supports, protects, absorbs shock
-between bony parts of spinal cord, parts of pelvic girdle and knee

30
Q

provide a description of bone connective tissue by listing description, function, and location

A

-cells in solid matrix
-supports, protects, provides framework
-bones of skeleton, middle ear

31
Q

provide a description of blood connective tissue by listing description, function, and location

A

-cells and platelets in fluid matrix
-transports gases, defends against disease, clotting
-throughout the body in a closed system of blood vessels and heart chambers

32
Q

what are the functions of connective tissues? (9)

A

-connects
-supports
-protects
-provides framework
-fill spaces
-stores fat
-produces blood cells
-protects against infection
-help repair damaged tissues

33
Q

connective tissue cells usually have considerable __ __ between them. this consist of …

A

-extracellular matrix
-fibers and a ground substance (could be solid to semi solid)

34
Q

what are the general characteristics of connective tissues?

A

-loose connective tissues and dense connective tissues are flexible; bone and cartilage are rigid
-most abundant tissue type
-most have goof blood supply
-most can divide

35
Q

some connective tissues are ___ cells (reside in specific tissue type). others are ___ cells (move through and are in tissues temporarily)

A

-fixed
-wandering

36
Q

describe this component of connective tissues by listing characteristics and functions. “fibroblast”

A

-widely distributed, large, star shaped cells
-secrete proteins that become fibers

37
Q

describe this component of connective tissues by listing characteristics and functions. “macrophages”

A

-motile cell sometimes attached to fibers
-clear foreign particles from tissues by phagocytosis

38
Q

describe this component of connective tissues by listing characteristics and functions. “mast cells”

A

-large cells, usually located near blood vessels
-release substances that may help prevent blood clotting (heparin) and promote inflammation (histamine)

39
Q

describe this component of connective tissues by listing characteristics and functions. “collagen fibers” (white fibers)

A

-thick, threadlike fibers or collagen with great tensile strength
-holds structures together

40
Q

describe this component of connective tissues by listing characteristics and functions. “elastic fibers” (yellow fibers)

A

-bundles of microfibrils embedded in elastin
-provide elastic quality to parts that stretch

41
Q

describe this component of connective tissues by listing characteristics and functions. “reticular fibers”

A

-thin fibers of collagen
-form delicate supportive networks within tissues

42
Q

describe this component of connective tissues by listing characteristics and functions. “ground substance”

A

-nonfibrous protein and other molecule, and varying amounts of fluid
-fills in spaces around cells and fiber

43
Q

connective tissue proper include loose connective tissues and dense connective tissue. list the sub categories for each of these

A

-loose: areolar, adipose, reticular
-dense: dense regular, dense irregular, elastic
-specialized tissues include cartilage, bone, and blood

44
Q

many epithelial membranes are thin structures that are composed of epithlium and underlying connective tissue. what are the 3 major types of these membranes

A

-serous membrane
-mucus membrane
-cutaneous membrane

45
Q

describe serous membrane

A

lines body cavities that don’t open to the outside and reduce friction between organs and cavity walls

46
Q

describe mucus membrane

A

lines the cavities and tubes that open to the outside

47
Q

describe cutaneous membrane

A

is part of the interrogatory system, covers body surface; skin

48
Q

describe synovial membrane

A

entirely composed of connective tissue, lines joints

49
Q

what are the general characteristics of muscle tissues? what are the 3 types

A

-they contract and moving structures attach to it
-skeletal, smooth cardiac

50
Q

describe skeletal muscle tissues

A

-usually attach to bones
-controlled by voluntary actions
-long and thread like, contain many nuclei, have striations, long cylindral
-contracts when stimulated by never cell

51
Q

describe smooth muscle tissues

A

-spindle shaped cells, one central nucleus, not striated
-in walls of hollow organs and blood vessels
-involuntarily controlled

52
Q

describe cardiac muscle tissues

A

-only found in the heart
-striated cells, with single nucleus, joined by intercalated disc and form branches
-involuntarily controlled
-pump blood

53
Q

nervous tissue is found in the … (3)

A

-brain
-spinal cord
-peripheral nerves

54
Q

what are the main cells in nervous tissues? what do they do? what are the supporting cells in nervous tissues?

A

-neurons
-coordinate, regulate, and integrate body activities
-neuroglia

anatomy ch.3-5 (3 decks)

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