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AEMT > Ch5 - The Human Body > Flashcards

Ch5 - The Human Body Flashcards

1
Q

Pathophysiology

A

The study of the body functions of a living organism in an abnormal states such as disease

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2
Q

Anatomic position

A

the patient stands facing you, arms at the side, with the palms of the hands forward

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3
Q

Frontal or coronal plane

A

Front and back portions of the body

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4
Q

Transverse (axial) plane

A

top and bottom portion of the body

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5
Q

Saggital (lateral) plane

A

Left and right portion of the body

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6
Q

Midsaggital plane (midline)

A

A special type of sagittal plane where the body is cut in half leaving equal left and right halves

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7
Q

Superior

A

the portion nearer to the head from a specific reference point

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8
Q

Inferior

A

Nearer to the feet

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9
Q

Lateral (outer)

A

Parts of the body that lie farther from the midline

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10
Q

Medial (inner)

A

Parts that like closer to the midline

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11
Q

Proximal

A

Proximal describe structures that are closer to the trunk

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12
Q

Distal

A

Distal describes structures that are farther from the trunk or nearer to the free end of the extremity

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13
Q

Superficial

A

Superficial means closer to or on the skin

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14
Q

Deep

A

Deep means farther inside the body and away from the skin

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15
Q

Anterior (ventral)

A

Anterior refers to the belly side of the body another term for anterior is ventral

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16
Q

Posterior (dorsal)

A

Posterior refers to the spinal side of the body including the back of the hand

17
Q

Palmar

A

Front region of the hand is referred to as the palm surface

18
Q

Plantar

A

The bottom of the foot is referred to as the plantar surface

19
Q

Apex

A

The Apex (the plural is apices) is the tip of the structure

20
Q

Flexion

A

Flexion is moving the distal point of an extremity towards the trunk

21
Q

Extension

A

Extension is the motion associated with the return of a body part from a flexed position to the anatomic position

22
Q

Hyperflexion

A

Hyperflexion refers to a body part that was flexed to the maximum level or even beyond the normal range of motion

23
Q

Hyper extension

A

Hyper extension refers to a body part that was extended to the maximum level or even beyond the normal range of motion

24
Q

Supination

A

Turning the palms upwards towards the sky

25
Q

Pronation

A

Turning the palms downwards toward the ground

26
Q

Trendelenburg position

A

Placing the patient in a supine position on an incline with their feet higher than their head to keep blood in the core of the body. Trendelenburg position is a position in which the patient is on a backboard or stretcher with the feet 6” to 12” higher than the head

27
Q

Shock position (modified trendelenburg’s position)

A

The head and torso are supine, and the extremities are elevated 6” to 12” to help increase blood flow to the brain

28
Q

Fowlers position

A

Semireclining position with the head elevated to help pt breathe easier and to control the airway. A patient who is sitting up with the knees bent is therefore said to be in Fowler’s position

29
Q

Recovery position

A

In this position, the patient is lying on his or her side and the bottom arm is extended straight with the head lying on it. The top knee is bent, angling the patient’s body slightly toward the floor.

30
Q

Tendons

A

Tendons are specialized tough chords or bands of dense white connective tissue that connects muscles to bones

31
Q

Ligaments

A

Ligaments are tough white bands of tissue that connect bones to each other

32
Q

Cartilage

A

Cushion between bones, cartilage is lubricated by a transparent viscous (thick) joint fluid (synovial fluid)

33
Q

Epiphyses

A

The elongation of the bone at the end

34
Q

Symphysis

A

Some joints have slight limited motion in which the bone ends are held to gather by fibrous tissue. Such a joint is called symphysis

35
Q

Synovial membrane

A

On the inner lining of the joint capsule is the synovial membrane. The special tissue makes it big lubricant called synovial fluid.

36
Q

Synovial fluid

A

This oil allows the ends of the bones to glide over each other as opposed to rubbing and grating over each other. Synovial fluid contains white blood cells to fight infections and provides nourishment to the cartilage covering the bone

AEMT (3 decks)

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