Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

AP CH 5 Skin > CH5 SKIN > Flashcards

CH5 SKIN Flashcards

1
Q

The integumentary system consist of?

A

_ Skin (cutaneous membrane)
_ Blood Vessels
_ Nerves
_ Accessory Structures (Hair nails and skin glands)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

With body surface assessments you’re looking for?

A

_ Changes in (4 T’s)
_ Signs of Infection

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are the 4 T’s?

A

_ Texture
_ Tone
_ Temperature
_ Tenderness

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

With the structures of the skin (cutaneous membrane) what are the 2 layers?

A

_ Epidermis
_ Dermis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

With the structure of skin (cutaneous membrane) which layer is the superficial epithelial layer?

A

Epidermis Layer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

With the structure of the skin (cutaneous membrane) which layer is the deeper connective tissue layer?

A

Dermis Layer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

With the structure of the skin (cutaneous membrane) what is below the skin that contains adipose (fat) tissue?

A

Hypodermis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

With the structure of the epidermis (superficial epithelial layer) layer of the skin what are the 4 consisting cell types?

A

_ Stratified
_ Squamous
_ Keratinized
_ Epithelium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

With the structure of epidermis (superficial epithelial layer) of the skin which cell type is the main cell type which contains protein and waterproofs the skin?

A

Keratinocytes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

With the structure of epidermis (superficial epithelial layer) of the skin which cell type is the one that produce melanin; the pigment that absorbs damaging UV radiation and contributes to skin color?

A

Melanocytes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

With the structure of epidermis (superficial epithelial layer) of the skin which cell type are immune cells?

A

Langerhans Cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

With the structure of epidermis (superficial epithelial layer) of the skin which cell type has sensory touch receptors and are deep in epidermis?

A

Merkle Disc

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

How many layers (strata) of the epidermis are there?

A

4 _ 5

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What are the layers of the epidermis from deepest to most superficial?

A

_ Stratum Basale (deepest)
_ Stratum Spinosum
_ Stratum Granulosum
_ Stratum Lucidum (only in thick skin)
_ Stratum Corneum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Which layer of the epidermis is the deepest?

A

Stratum Basale

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Which layer of the epidermis is only in thick skin?

A

Stratum Lucidum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Which layer of the epidermis is the most superficial?

A

Stratum Corneum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

With the layers of the epidermis which layer has a single row of cells and contain stem cells that are the only one to undergo mitosis producing new keratinocytes?

A

Stratum Basale

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

With the stratum basale layer of the epidermis _____is where newly formed cells are pushed to the surface (4 weeks)?

A

Keratinization

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

The stratum basale layer is also known as_____ _____which is the_____cell layer that forms new cells?

A

-Stratum Germinativum
-Germ

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Which epidermis layer contains melanocytes and merkle disc?

A

Stratum Basale Layer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What is required if the stratum basale layer is destroyed?

A

Skin Graft

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

This layer of the epidermis is superficial to the stratum basale and has 8 _ 10 rows of keratinocytes with torn like spines?

A

Stratum Spinosum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

This layer of the epidermis is superficial to the stratum Spinosum and has 3 _ 5 rows of keratinocytes?

A

Stratum Granulosum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

With stratum granulosum you have keratinocytes that contain granules that are the precursor to keratin which are called?

A

Keratohyalin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

This layer of epidermis is superficial to the stratum granulosum and has 3 _ 5 rows of dead keratinocytes?

A

Stratum Lucidum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

This layer of epidermis is only in thick skin like the fingertips palms and souls?

A

Stratum Lucidum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

This layer of epidermis is the most superficial and has 25 _ 30 rows of squamous dead keratinocytes?

A

Stratum Corneum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

With the stratum corneum cells are continuously_____and_____?

A

_ Replaced
_ Shed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

This is a abnormally thickened stratum corneum?

A

Callus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

This is the deeper connective tissue portion of the skin?

A

Dermis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

What does the dermis consist of?

A

_ Blood Vessels
_ Nerves
_ Glands
_ Hair Follicles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

What are the 2 regions of the dermis?

A

_ Papillary
_ Reticular

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

Which region of the dermis is the superficial portion (about 1/5) and consist of areolar connective tissue with elastic fibers?

A

Papillary

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

The papillary of the dermis consist of areolar connective tissue with elastic fibers that contain dermal papillae that house_____ corpuscles of touch and free_____ _____?

A

_ Capillaries
_ Nerve Endings

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

This region of the dermis is the deeper portion (about 4/5) and consist of dense irregular connective tissue with bundles of collagen and some coarse elastic fibers?

A

Reticular

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

The reticular region of the dermis has spaces between fibers that contain some adipose cells hair follicles nerves _____ glands and_____ glands?

A

_ Sebaceous Glands
_ Sudoriferous Glands

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

What are the 3 pigments that contribute to skin color?

A

_ Melanin
_ Hemoglobin
_ Carotene

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

Which of the 3 pigments is where the skin color vairies it can be pale yellow to red to tan to black?

A

Melanin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

With Melanin pigment the number of_____ is the same and all people?

A

_ Melanocytes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

Differences in skin color is mainly due to the_____of space_____ melanocytes produce?

A

_ Amount
_ Melanin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

With the structural basis of skin color this is a inherited inability of an individual to produce melanin?

A

Albinism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

Which of the 3 pigments is oxygen carrying pigment in red blood cells?

A

Hemoglobin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q

With hemoglobin_____ blood flow causes reddish (erythema) skin color?

A

Increased

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
45
Q

With hemoglobin_____ blood flow causes bluish (cyanotic) skin color?

A

Decreased

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
46
Q

Which of the 3 pigments is yellow _ orange pigment and forms vitamin A for vision?

A

Carotene

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
47
Q

Where is hairs (pili) located?

A

Thin (hairy) Skin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
48
Q

3 Functions of hair?

A

_ Protects Structures from UV Rays
_ Decreases Heat Loss
_ Protects Eyes from Foreign Particles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
49
Q

Hair touch receptors is called the?

A

Hair Root Plexuses

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
50
Q

Hair is dead _____space cells?

A

Keratinized

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
51
Q

With hair anatomy what part is the superficial portion above skin?

A

Hair Shaft

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
52
Q

With hair anatomy what part is the deeper portion that penetrates skin?

A

Hair Root

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
53
Q

With hair anatomy what part produce oil?

A

Sebaceous Glands

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
54
Q

With hair anatomy what part is where smooth muscles raise hairs goosebumps when contracted?

A

Arrector Pili Muscles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
55
Q

With hair anatomy what part is the external and internal root sheaths?

A

Hair Follicle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
56
Q

With hair anatomy what part is the base of the hair follicle that contains the hair?

57
Q

With hair anatomy this is the Stratum basale layer that is the site of cell division?

58
Q

With hair growth what stage is where cells of the hair matrix divide keratinize and die and new cells are added at the base of the hair follicle pushing the older cells toward the surface making hair grown longer?

A

Growth Stage

59
Q

With hair growth what stage is where hair growth stops?

A

Resting Stage

60
Q

With hair growth this is partial or complete hair loss due to aging chemotherapy or genetics?

61
Q

Hair color is primarily due to the amount of_____?

62
Q

Glands are formed by_____ _____cells that secrete (release) a substance?

A

Stratum Basale

63
Q

3 types of exocrine glands in the skin where products are released into ducts?

A

_ Sebaceous (oil) Glands
_Sudoriferous (sweat) Glands
_Ceruminous Glands (produce earwax)

64
Q

Which exocrine gland is oil glands?

A

Sebaceous (oil) Glands

65
Q

Which exocrine gland is sweat glands?

A

Sudoriferous (sweat) Glands

66
Q

Which exocrine gland produce earwax?

A

Ceruminous Glands

67
Q

Which exocrine gland is associated with hair follicles and thin skin and is absent in thick skin like the palms and soles?

A

Sebaceous Glands

68
Q

Which exocrine gland secrete a substance called sebum that prevents dryness inhibits growth of certain bacteria and if clogged may cause acne?

A

Sebaceous Glands

69
Q

Which exocrine gland has 3-4 million in the body and releases onto skin surface through pores?

A

Sudoriferous (sweat) Glands

70
Q

What are the 2 main types of Sudoriferous (sweat) glands based on structure location and type of secretion?

A

_ Eccrine Sweat Glands
_ Apocrine Sweat Glands

71
Q

Which of the 2 main types of sudoriferous sweat glands has a distribution through out the skin of most regions of the body especially in skin of the forehead palms and soles?

A

Eccrine Sweat Glands

72
Q

Which of the 2 main types of sudoriferous sweat glands has a distribution to the skin of the axilla groin areolae bearded regions of the face clitoris and labia minora?

A

Apocrine Sweat Glands

73
Q

Which type of the sudoriferous sweat glands is located mostly in the deep dermis?

A

Eccrine Sweat Glands

74
Q

Which type of the sudoriferous sweat glands is located mostly in the subcutaneous layer (armpit)?

A

Apocrine Sweat Glands

75
Q

Which type of the sudoriferous sweat glands has a termination of excretory duct at the surface of the epidermis?

A

Eccrine Sweat Glands

76
Q

Which type of the sudoriferous sweat glands has a termination of excretory duct a the hair follicle?

A
  • Apocrine Sweat Glands
77
Q

Which type of the sudoriferous sweat glands functions to regulate body temperature and waste removal?

A
  • Eccrine Sweat Glands
78
Q

Which type of the sudoriferous sweat glands funtions are stimulated during emotional stress and sexual excitement?

A
  • Apocrine Sweat Glands
79
Q

Which type of the sudoriferous sweat glands has a on set of function soon after birth and have no odor?

A
  • Eccrine Sweat Glands
80
Q

Which type of the sudoriferous sweat glands has a on set of function at puberty and has a odor?

A
  • Apocrine Sweat Glands
81
Q

Which exocrine gland is located in the external ear and provides a sticky barrier that impedes the entrance of foreign bodies?

A
  • Ceruminous Glands
82
Q

Ceruminous glands produce a waxy secretion called _____ (_____).

A
  • Cerumen (Ear Wax)
83
Q

Nails are _____ packed dead keratinized _____ cells?

A
  • Tightly
  • Epidermal
84
Q

What part of the nail is the visible portion?

85
Q

What part of the nail is the portion that extends past the digit?

86
Q

What part of the nail is the portion deep to the skin?

87
Q

What part of the nail is whitish and crescent-shaped?

88
Q

What part of the nail is the site of cell division (stratum basale)?

A
  • Nail Matrix
89
Q

A rich blood supply to the nail causes _____ color?

90
Q

Poor blood supply to the nail causes _____(_____) color?

A
  • Bluish (Cyanosis)
91
Q

Palms palmer surface of digits and soles is thin or thick skin?

A

Thick Skin

92
Q

All parts of the body except palms and palmar surface of digits and soles are thin or thick skin?

93
Q

With epidermal strata which skin type thin or thick has thick strata lucidum spinosum and corneum?

A

Thick Skin

94
Q

With epidermal strata which skin type thin or thick has stratum lucidum essentially lacking with thinner strata spinosum and corneum?

95
Q

Hair follicles and arrector pili muscles are absent in which skin type?

A

Thick Skin

96
Q

Hair follicles and arrector pili muscles are present in which skin type?

97
Q

Epidermal ridges are present in which skin type?

A

Thick Skin

98
Q

Epidermal ridges are lacking in which skin type?

99
Q

Sebaceous glands are absent in which skin type?

A

Thick Skin

100
Q

Sebaceous glands are present in which skin type?

101
Q

Sudoriferous glands are more numerous in which skin type?

A

Thick Skin

102
Q

Sudoriferous glands are fewer in which skin type?

103
Q

Sensory receptors are denser in which skin type?

A

Thick Skin

104
Q

Sensory receptors are sparser in which skin type?

105
Q

6 skin functions?

A

_ Thermoregulation
_ Blood Reservoir
_ Protection
_ Sensation
_ Excretion and Absorption
_ Synthesis of Vitamin D

106
Q

With skin functions what controls body temperature?

A

Thermoregulation (main function)

107
Q

With skin functions what stores 8 _ 10% of blood at rest in a adult?

A

Blood Reservoir

108
Q

With skin functions a barrier to microbes and chemicals is for?

A

Protection

109
Q

Which skin functions senses touch pain and temperature?

A

Sensations

110
Q

Which skin function removes and absorbs some substances?

A

Excretion and Absorption

111
Q

Which skin function is produced by UV exposure then converted to calcitriol (active form) that aids in calcium absorption in GI tract?

A

Synthesis of Vitamin D

112
Q

What type of healing is when the wound only involves epidermis like abrasions and minor burns that do not bleed?

A

Epidermal (superficial) Wound Healing

113
Q

With epidermal (superficial) wound healing stratum basale cells break contact with the_____ _____ and start migrating_____ one another?

A

_ Basement Membrane
_ Towards

114
Q

With epidermal (superficial) wound healing what is it called when cells stop migrating from opposite sides once they encounter one another?

A

Contact Inhibition

115
Q

What type of healing is when wound extends beyond epidermis?

A

Deep Wound Healing

116
Q

With deep wound healing what is formed and has loss of some functions?

A

Scar Tissue

117
Q

What are the 4 phases of deep wound healing in order?

A

_ Inflammatory
_ Migratory
_ Proliferative
_ Maturation

118
Q

Which of the 4 phases of deep wound healing is where blood clots form and vasodilation occurs and enhances delivery of phagocytic cells?

A

Inflammatory

119
Q

Which of the 4 phases of deep wound healing is where clots form scab and fibroblast begins synthesizing scar (granulation) tissue?

120
Q

Which of the 4 phases of deep healing is extensive deposition by fibroblast?

A

Proliferative

121
Q

Which of the 4 phases of deep wound healing is where the scab sloughs off and epidermis is restored?

A

Maturation

122
Q

With deep wound healing this is scar tissue formation?

123
Q

Scar tissue contains more densely arranged_____ fibers and_____ blood vessels hair skin and glands sensory receptors and melanocytes?

A

_ Collagen Fibers
_ Fewer

124
Q

This type of scar remains within boundaries of original wound?

A

Hypertrophic Scar

125
Q

This type of scar extends beyond boundaries of original wound?

A

Keloid Scar

126
Q

This is caused by excessive exposure to UV radiation (natural or artificial)?

A

Skin Cancer

127
Q

3 common forms of skin cancer?

A

_ Basal Cell Carcinoma
_ Squamous Cell Carcinoma
_ Malignant Melanoma

128
Q

What form of skin cancer is the most common and rarely metastasizes and is usually harmless?

A

Basal Cell Carcinoma

129
Q

What form of skin cancer mostly developed from existing damaged tissue (lips or ears)?

A

Squamous Cell Carcinoma

130
Q

What form of skin cancer is the rarest and most deadly and arise from melanocytes and metastasize rapidly?

A

Malignant Melanoma

131
Q

With skin cancer skin type sun exposure family history age and immunological status are all what?

A

Risk Factors

132
Q

Effects with aging and the Integumentary system are usually not apparent until?

133
Q

Effects with aging and the integumentary system will usually cause elastic fibers to_____ elasticity causing_____?

A

_ Lose
_ Wrinkling

134
Q

With aging and the integumentary system these cells decrease which reduce skins immune responsiveness?

A

Langerhans

135
Q

With aging and the integumentary system there is a decreased size and number of_____glands that cause dry and cracking skin?

136
Q

With aging and the integumentary system there is decreased _____ production which can lead to heat strokes?

137
Q

With aging and integumentary system there is decreased numbers of functional _____ resulting in gray hair and some enlarge causing age (liver) spots?

A

Melanocytes

138
Q

With aging and the integumentary system hair and nail growth _____ and nails become _____?

A

_ Decreases
_ Brittle

AP CH 5 Skin (1 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions