Ch5- Organization of Behavior: Neurons and Hormones

Question 1

Define: command center

Answer 1

A neural cluster or an integrated set of clusters that has primary responsibility for the control of a particular behavioral activity. Includes innate releasing mechanism, central pattern generators, song control systems etc. Ex. Praying mantis and protocerebral ganglion

Question 2

Define: biological clock

Answer 2

A timing mechanism with a built-in schedule that acts independently of any cues from the animal’s surroundings

Question 3

Describe the two competing theories for how animals can change their priorities over time.

Answer 3

1) change priorities in response to a biological clock
2) animal alters relationships among command center in their nervous systems strictly on the basis if feedback information (not true)

Question 4

Define: free-running cycle

Answer 4

A cycle of activity that is not matched to environmental cues

Question 5

Define: circadian rhythm

Answer 5

A roughly 24-hour cycle of behavior that expresses itself independent of environmental changes

Question 6

Define: entrain

Answer 6

Cycle synchronizes/resets according to an environmental cue so that the circadian rhythm does not drift out of phase with the 24 hour day

Question 7

Explain the adaptive value of a circadian rhythm

Answer 7

Allows for an individual to alter timing of behavioral and physiological cycles without having to constantly check the environment to see what time it is. Presence of environment-dependent element allows adjustment for changes in day length as become winter or spring. Counter ex. Naked mole rats lack circadian rhythm