Ch5 Early Self & Socialization Flashcards
Phases of Self-Development
0-6mo: pre-self
6-12 mo: intentional or Agentic Self or “I”
12-24 mo: Objective Self or “me”
24-60 mo: Self-monitoring self
Roots of Self-Control and Self-Regulation
self-system: self-control and self-regulation
Self Control/Behavior Regulation
- child’s ability to stop self from performing a proscribed act
- ability to make self perform an act that she may not feel like doing
Self-Regulation
ability to comply with request, initiate and cease activities according to situational demans, to modulate intensity, frequency, duration of verbal and motor acts in social and educational settings, postpone acting upon desired object or foal, generate socially approved behavior in absence of external monitors
Early Progress of Behavior Regulation
depends on 1. representational thought and, 2. emotional response to wrongdoing
self-conscious emotions
emotions linked to violations of standards for everyday behavior appears to begin late in 2nd year
shame, embarrassment, guilt, pride (after self-awareness or self-recognition)
socialize
prepare the child to be a competent member of society
limit some behaviors, demanding others for safety
discipline
socialization requires discipline
when parents limit or demand behavior using techniques the either exert or require control
Dimensions of Parenting Style
warmth
control
Warmth Dimension-Parental responsiveness
listening to child, being involved and interested in child’s activities, accepting child, making positive attributions toward the child, being “tuned in” and supportive
maturity demands
insistence that children curb their behaviors and instead perform behaviors that are suitable to their level of maturity, “act your age”
child centered
sidelining parental needs to meet child’s developmental needs
parent centered
showing little responsiveness to children’s concerns, unlikely to do things just to meet those concerns
negative emotional climate
control dimension-parental demandingness
leads parents to impose discipline
demanding parents require children to curb some of their behaviors and insist that they perform other behaviors that are suitable to their level of maturity (maturity demands)
Four Parenting Styles
Authoritative
Authoritarian
Permissive
Neglecting-Uninvolved
Parenting Style and Outcomes
constellations of parenting characteristics described by combining and crossing the positive and negative poles of parental responsiveness and demandingness
predictive of child characteristics
externalizing problems
aggressiveness
internalizing problems
depression
Methods of Control
three categories:
power assertion
love withdrawal
induction
power assertion
can involve physical punishment or threat of physical punishment ranging from spankings to beatings
withdrawal of privileges from time-outs to severe denial, meals
effective for immediate control
love withdrawal
parents withdrawing attention, affection expressing disappointment or disillusionment, turning away from child, cutting off verbal, emotional contact, enforcing separations
high anxiety
most effective for immediate compliance
induction
use of explanation, giving reasons for rules
other-oriented explanations most powerful in promoting empathy
most effective means to internalize rules for future application
Effective Ways to use Time-Out
2-3 target behaviors Reserve for important behaviors Explain which behaviors in advance Pair w induction Pos attn for good behaviors No toys tv attn Right away, long enough to make point 1-2 min/yr old
Differential Susceptibility
physiological makeups can make an individual more likely to be affected by environmental influences than other people. For example, a child with highly reactive temperament might be benefited more than other children by positive parenting but harmed more than others by negative parenting
