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Vascular Scanning > Ch.5 Common Studies > Flashcards

Ch.5 Common Studies Flashcards

0
Q

What is the best indicator for DVT

A

Acute lateral edema

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1
Q

2 reasons to perform a venous

A
  1. Deep vein thrombus (DVT)

2. Pulmonary embolism (PE)

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2
Q

What are risk factor of Virchow’s triad?

A
  1. Stasis
  2. Hypercoagulabilty
  3. Vessel wall injury
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3
Q

Define stasis

A

Blood not moving which promotes thrombus

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4
Q

Define hypercoagulability

A

Blood that clots more regularly

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5
Q

Define the effects of vessel wall injury

A
  1. Start the clotting process

2. Promotes aggregation of platelets

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6
Q

What are Soleal Sinuses?

A

Are pouch like areas that receives blood from the Soleus muscle.

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7
Q

What do the Soleal sinuses drain into?

A

Posterior Tibial and peroneal veins which is the source of most DVT

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8
Q

Stasis risk factors (OVC/PBP)

A 
Pregnancy 
Age 
Obesity 
Varicose veins 
CHF
Previous DVT
Bed rest/ prolonged sitting
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9
Q

Hypercoagulability risk factors?

ICD TS

A 
Pregnancy and age
Infection
Cancer 
Dehydration
Trauma
Surgery
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10
Q

Define pulmonary embolism

A

Is thrombus that propagates proximally into

Popliteal&raquo_space; Femoral&raquo_space;Iliac system» IVC

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11
Q

Name some PE Sx?

A 
SOB
Chest pain
Sweating
Cough
Fever
Shock
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12
Q

Acute thrombus characteristics

A
  1. Homogeneous appearance
  2. Soft/dark echoes
  3. Partly compressible
  4. Attached to the wall
  5. Distended vein
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13
Q

Chronic thrombis characteristics

A
  1. Heterogeneous
  2. Incompressible
  3. Bright Echoes
  4. Irregular walls
  5. Rechannel flow (recanalization)
  6. Presence of large collaterals
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14
Q

What affects venous flow in Doppler

A
  1. Intra abdominal pressure

2. Compression maneuvers

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15
Q

What do bright echoes suggest?

A

Older clot

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16
Q

6 Reasons to perform LE studies

A
  1. Chronic atherosclerosis
  2. Acute occlusion
  3. Follow up bypass grafts
  4. Ateriovenous fistula
  5. Aneurysm
  6. Pseudoaneurysm
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17
Q

Define claudication

A

Pain with exercise that subsides with rest

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18
Q

What is Chronic atherosclerotic obstructive disease patients main Sx

A

Patients with pain in the legs with exercise (claudication)

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19
Q

Patients who undergo cardiac cath suffer from what?

A
  1. Hematoma

2. Pseudoaneurysm

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20
Q

Define hematoma

A

A clot or mass in the tissue

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21
Q

Describe a Pseudoaneurysm?

A

Flow in/out of a area of tissue through arterial wall

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22
Q

How is a pseudoaneurysm treated?

A

By ultrasound guided thrombin injection or probe compression

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23
Q

What is a Arteriovenous Fistula?

A
  1. Abnormal communication between artery and vein

2. Steals flow from distal circulation causing ischemic Sx

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24
Q

Fistula steals flow from distal circulation which results in?

A
  1. Reduce distal resistance

2. Cause some heart failure

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25
Q

In scanning LE normal flow is described as?

A

Multiphasic

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26
Q

Arterial stenosis flow is described as?

A

Biphasic/ Monophasic

27
Q

What is the normal aortic diameter?

A

Range from 1.5-2.5 cm

28
Q

What is the diameter for a aneurysmal ao? And what size is needed for repair?

A

Aneurysmal 3 cm

Repair 5cm

29
Q

Name the most common assessment in abdominal scanning?

A

Obstruction of the renal artery

30
Q

Obstructing of flow in the renal arteries do what?

A

Disrupt the kidneys role in balancing blood pressure

31
Q

Chronic obstruction of the messengering artery is from?

A

Patient who is malnourished

32
Q

Name 2 of the 3 arteries that categorize chronic obstruction of the mesenteric artery

A

Superior Mesenteric

Inferior Mesenteric

Celiac trunk

33
Q

Portal hypertension is due to what 2 factors?

A
  1. Cirrhosis of the liver due to alcohol abuse

2. Liver damage due to hepatitis

34
Q

What is the Doppler character distal to renal arteries

A

Multiphasic similar to lower extremities

35
Q

What is the velocity criteria for abdominal Doppler in Renal and SMA:

A
  1. Renal PSV > 180 cm/sec suggest > 60% stenosis

2. SMA PSV > 275 cm/sec suggest > 60% stenosis

36
Q

What is patient protocol for patient prep for abdominal studies?

A
  1. Patient to fast for 6-12 hours
    Drinking clear uncarbonated liquids
  2. No dietary fat the day before
37
Q

What is another name for a stroke?

A

CVA Cerebrovascular accident.

38
Q

Stroke is the _____ leading cause of death.

A

4th

39
Q

What are the 2 clinical conditions of stroke?

A
  1. Resolving ischemic neurological deficit (RIND)

2. Transient ischemic attack (TIA)

40
Q

Describe RIND

A
  1. Sx of stroke for kore than 24 hours but fewer than 72 hours.
  2. No permanent damage
41
Q

Describe TIA

A
  1. Stroke Sx lasting fewer than 24 hours

2. No permanent damage

42
Q

What are the 2 categories of stroke?

A
  1. Ischemic

2. Hemorrhage

43
Q

Define ischemic

A
  1. Too little blood to the brain

2. 80% of strokes

44
Q

Define Hemorrhage

A

Bleeding from a ruptured vessel

45
Q

Most ischemic strokes (TIA/RINDS) are caused by….

A

Plaque at the bifurcation where atherosclerosis is promoted.

46
Q

What are the 2 Sx of cerebrovascular insufficiency?

A
  1. Carotid territory

2. Vertebrobasilar

47
Q

Name the 7 carotid territory Sx…..

A
  1. Dysphasia
  2. Aphasia
  3. Amaurosis fugax
  4. Hemiparesis
  5. Hemiparesthesia
  6. Hemiplegia
  7. Homonymous hemainopia
48
Q

Carotid territory are considered _______ symptoms.

A

Lateralizing

49
Q

Name the 6 vertebra basilar symptoms…..

A 
Vertigo
Syncope 
Nausea 
Ataxia 
Binocular
Dysphasia
50
Q

Vertebra basilar are generally ________ Sx….

A

Nonlateralizing

51
Q

Define dysphagia

A

Speech disturbance

52
Q

Define aphasia

A

Absence of speech

53
Q

Define hemi–paresis

A

Weakness one side (arm,leg, side of face)

54
Q

Define Hemi–plegia

A

One sided loss of function

55
Q

Define paresthesia

A

One sided tingling sensation

56
Q

Define Hemanopia

A

Loss of half the visual field in both eyes

57
Q

Define ataxia

A

Loss of coordination

58
Q

Define Dysphasia

A

Difficult swallowing

59
Q

Define atherosclerosis

A

Growth of the lumen restricting lesions in arterial walls

60
Q

In diameter-reduction to area-reduction measurement

Diameter of 50%= _________area

80% = _______area

A

50% = 75%

80% = 96%

61
Q

What is the Doppler criteria for stenosis

> 50% diameter = ________ cm/sec PSV

A

> 50% =125 PSV

62
Q

What is the Doppler criteria for stenosis

70%= __________ cm/sec PSV
__________ Cm/sec EDV

A

PSV = >230 cm/sec

EDV = > 100 cm/sec

63
Q

What is the Doppler criteria for stenosis

80% = ________ CM/sec EDV

A

EDV= > 140 cm/sec

64
Q

Carotid stenosis is usually categorized

Mild
Moderately
Moderately severe
Severe

A

Mild =15%
Moderately =15-50%
MS = 50-80%
Severe = >80%

Vascular Scanning (7 decks)

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