ch5 Flashcards
What are the main functions of the skin?
- Thermoregulation
- Blood reservoir
- Protection
- Cutaneous sensations
- Excretion and absorption
- Synthesis of vitamin D
These functions are essential for maintaining homeostasis and overall health.
What are the two major layers of the skin?
- Epidermis
- Dermis
The subcutaneous (hypodermis) layer is also included in discussions about the integument.
What type of epithelium makes up the epidermis?
Keratinized stratified squamous epithelium
This type of epithelium provides a protective barrier.
What are the four major types of cells found in the epidermis?
- Keratinocytes
- Melanocytes
- Dendritic cells
- Tactile epithelial cells
Keratinocytes account for about 85% of these cells.
What are the two major types of skin?
- Thin (hairy) skin
- Thick (hairless) skin
Thick skin is found on the palms and soles.
How many layers does the epidermis contain in thick skin?
Five major layers
The layers include stratum basale, stratum spinosum, stratum granulosum, stratum lucidum, and stratum corneum.
What is the function of the stratum granulosum?
Provides strength to skin
It contains keratohyalin and lamellar granules.
What are the two layers of the dermis?
- Papillary region
- Reticular region
These layers are composed of dense irregular connective tissue.
What are the three pigments that contribute to skin color?
- Melanin
- Hemoglobin
- Carotene
Variations in these pigments lead to different skin tones.
What is albinism?
An inherited disorder with little or no melanin production
This results in little or no color to skin, eyes, or hair.
What are age spots?
Flat, tan, brown, or black spots on the skin that occur with increasing age
Commonly appear on the face, hands, neck, and forearms.
What is the purpose of melanosomes?
Synthesis, storage, and transport of melanin
They are responsible for color and photoprotection in animal cells.
What does cyanosis indicate?
Bluish or purplish discoloration due to deficient oxygenation of the blood
It often signals a medical emergency.
What are the major types of skin cancer?
- Basal cell carcinomas
- Squamous cell carcinomas
- Malignant melanomas
Each type arises from different skin cells.
What are the main components of hair structure?
- Shaft
- Root
- Hair follicle
- Epithelial root sheath
- Dermal root sheath
The hair matrix and bulb are also important components.
What is the growth cycle of hair?
- Growth stage (Anagen)
- Regression stage (Catagen)
- Resting stage (Telogen)
Each stage plays a role in hair development.
What are the functions of nails?
- Grasp and manipulate objects
- Protect distal ends of digits
- Scratch various body parts
- Provide support and counter pressure to the palmar surface of the finger
Nails are essential for fine motor skills.
What are the effects of aging on the integumentary system?
- Wrinkles
- Increased susceptibility to infection
- Dehydration and cracking of the skin
- Decreased sweat production
- Hair loss
These changes affect overall skin health and appearance.
Fill in the blank: Tattooing is a ______ of the skin.
Permanent coloration
Tattoos are created using ink inserted into the dermis.
True or False: The epidermis is avascular.
True
This means it does not contain blood vessels.
