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PHYSICS F4 > CH5 > Flashcards

CH5 Flashcards

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1
Q

Definition of wave

A

Process of transfer of energy from a location to another that is produced by oscillations of vibrating system

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2
Q

Definition of oscillation or vibration

A

Repetitive motions about equilibrium position in a closed path

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3
Q

Definition of Amplitude, A

A

Maximum displacement of a vibrating particle from its equilibrium position

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4
Q

Definition of Period,T

A

Time taken for a particle to produce one complete oscillation or for a source of wave to produce one complete wave cycle

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5
Q

Definition of Frequency, F

A

Number of complete oscillation by a vibrating particle or number of complete wave cycle produced by a source of wave per second

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6
Q

Definition of Wavelength,

A

Distance between 2 consecutive point of the same phase

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7
Q

Definition of Wave speed

A

Distance travelled by a wave profile per second

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8
Q

Definition of wave profile

A

Shape of medium as waves propagate through it

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9
Q

Definition of progressive wave

A

The wave where the wave profile propagates with time in the direction of the propagation of the wave.

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10
Q

Definition of Stationary wave & an example

A

The wave where the wave profile does not propagates with time.
Plucked guitar string

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11
Q

Definition of Transverse wave & example

A

A wave which the direction of vibration of particles in the medium is perpendicular to
the direction of propagation of the wave

Water Wave

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12
Q

Definition of Longitudinal wave & example

A

A wave which the direction of vibration of particles in the medium is parallel to the
direction of propagation of the wave

Sound Wave

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13
Q

Definition of Mechanical Wave & example

A

Wave that require a medium to propagate and transfer energy

Sound Wave

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14
Q

Definition of Electromagnetic Wave

A

Wave that does not require a medium to propagate and transfer energy

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15
Q

Definition of Damping

A

Reduction of amplitude of an oscillating system due to loss of energy

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16
Q

Definition of Internal Damping

A

Loss of energy of oscillating system due to stretching and compressions of vibrating particles of the system

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17
Q

Definition of External Damping

A

Loss of energy of oscillating system to overcome friction or air resistance

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18
Q

Definition of Resonance

A

When periodic force is applied to an oscillating system at its natural frequency and maximum amplitude

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19
Q

Way to overcome Damping

A

Apply periodic external force to the system, energy supplied will replace energy loss

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20
Q

Definition of Natural Frequency

A

Frequency of an oscillating system that has been displaced and left without action of external force

21
Q

Definition of Forced Oscillation

A

Oscillation system is applied with periodical external force

22
Q

Definition of Wavefront

A

A line connecting all points of the same phase of wave cycles

23
Q

Effect of reflection on direction of propagation of wave, wave speed, wavelength and frequency

A

direction of propagation of wave changes with Angle of incidence = angle of reflection

wave speed, wavelength and frequency are unchanged

24
Q

Definition of refraction of wave

A

Change in direction of propagation of wave due to change in velocity of wave as wave propagates from a medium to another`

25
Q

Factors that affect speed of water wave

A

Depth of water

26
Q

Factors that affect speed of sound wave

A

Density of air

27
Q

Factors that affect speed of Light wave

A

Optical density of medium

28
Q

Direction of propagation of wave from shallow to deep

A

Refracted away from normal

29
Q

Direction of propagation of wave from deep to shallow

A

Refracted towards normal

30
Q

Change in wavelength and wave speed from deep to shallow

A

decreases

31
Q

change in wavelength and wave speed of wave from shallow to deep

A

increases

32
Q

Definition of Diffraction of wave

A

Spreading of wave as wave propagates through a slit or side of a barrier

33
Q

Change in wavelength, frequency and wave speed of diffraction of wave

A

No Change

34
Q

Change in amplitude of diffraction of wave

A

Decreases as wave energy diverges

35
Q

Change in direction of propagation during diffraction of wave

A

One direction to many direction

36
Q

2 Factors affecting significance of diffraction of wave

A

Size of slit
Wavelength

37
Q

Principle of superposition

A

Resultant displacement of 2 overlapping waves is the sum of individual displacement of two waves

38
Q

Definition of interference of waves

A

Superposition of 2 or more wave produced by a coherent source of wave

39
Q

2 Rules of coherent source

A

same frequency
constant phase difference

40
Q

2 Types of interference of waves

A
  1. Constructive Interference (Crest+Crest)/(Trough+Trough)
  2. Destructive Interference (Crest+Trough)
41
Q

Definition of Electromagnetic Wave

A

Transverse wave that does not require medium to propagate in that consist of electric field and magnetic field that oscillate perpendicularly to each other.

42
Q

4 Characteristics of Electromagnetic wave

A

Can propagate in vacuum
All electromagnetic wave have the same speed in vacuum of 3.0 x 10^8 ms^-1
Shows diffraction, refraction, reflection and interference in suitable condition
Energy carried is directly proportional to frequency

43
Q

6 Uses of Ultraviolet
ray

A

Hardens tooth filling material
Determines authenticity of currency notes Treatment of jaundice in babies
Purification of drinking water
Sterilising surgical instruments and food
insect traps

44
Q

5 Uses of X-ray

A

Detects fractures or broken bones

Examines internal organs

Checking of welding connections

Baggage scanning at airport

Determines authenticity of paintings

45
Q

3 Uses of Gamma ray

A

Kills cancer cells in radiotherapy
* Sterilisation of surgical and medical equipment in bulk
* Used in food processing industry so that food can last longer

46
Q

4 USes of Radio Wave

A

Long distance radio communication

Local radio and TV broadcasting

Wireless communication (Bluetooth, Wifi, Zigbee and Z-Wave)

Millimeter-wave machine to scan body of passengers
at airport

47
Q

5 Uses of Microwave

A

International communication through use of satellite
* Mobile phone framework
* Communication between electronic devices: Wifi, Bluetooth, Zigbee, Z-Wave
* Detection of plane radar and speed trap
* Cooking using microwave oven

48
Q

5 Uses of Infrared ray

A

For cooking (oven, grill and toaster)
. For night vision (infrared camera and infrared binoculars)
Drying paint on car
. Treatment of muscle pain
* Remote control device for television and DVD player

49
Q

4 Uses of Visible light

A

-allow living organisms to see
-photography
-Photosynthesis
-Laser light used in metal-cutting, land measurement & optical fibres

PHYSICS F4 (6 decks)

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