ch5 Flashcards

1
Q

Explain why a computer system requires an Operating System (OS)

A

1-loading a software for the user to interact with
2- managing hardware resources such as memory and devices
3- authentications and security
4- file management
5- handling input and output devices

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2
Q

operating system

A

software that provides environment in which applications can run and provides an interface between hardware and human operators

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3
Q

operating system tasks

A

1- file management
2- memory management
3- hardware management
4- process management
5- security management

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4
Q

what is memory management

A

it is a process of controlling and coordinating a computer’s main memory

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5
Q

memory management tasks

A

1- memory optimisation: allocates and deallocates RAM to tasks
keeps track of allocated and free memory location
swaps data from and to hard drive
2- memory orginisation: handles virtual memory
segmentation
3- memory protection: ensure that two competing applications do not use the same memory locations at the same time

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6
Q

security management

A

part of the operating system that ensures the integrity and availability of data

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7
Q

tasks of security management

A

1- automatic backup
2- maintaining access rights
3- authentication: checks the users username and password
4- carrying out operating system updates when available
5- sets up users account

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8
Q

process management

A

part of operation system that involves the allocation of resources and permits the exchange of data

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9
Q

tasks of file management

A

1- controls access
2- maintains directory structure
3- specifies tasks that can be performed on a file
4- provides file naming conventions

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10
Q

hardware management

A

part of the operating system
that controls all input/output devices connected to a computer (has sub-management systems)

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11
Q

tasks of printer management

A

1- sends data to printer queue
2- handles error messages
3- sends control commands
4- installs printer driver

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12
Q

types of utility programs

A

1- disk formator
2- virus checker
3- disk repair software
4- defragmentation software
5- file compression
6- backup software

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13
Q

pros of using program library

A

1- pre tested so it saves testing time
2- pre written so save time since less program is written
3- can be complex algorithms that are hard for some people cant code

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14
Q

cons of using program library

A

1- can be changed which produces an unexpected result
2-not guaranteed through testing may produce unexpected bug or virus

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15
Q

pros of using dll

A

1- executable file is smaller since its only loaded into memory when required
2- change is done to the dll independently so recompiling the whole program is not required
3- can be available to many applications at the same time so save storage

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16
Q

benefits of compiler

A

1- produces an executable file
2- compiler code is executed faster
3-once translated the compiler software is not needed to run the program
4- can be tested multiple times without needing to retranslate it each time

17
Q

benefits of interpreter

A

1- easier to debug
2- the interpreter is stopped when an error is found
3- error can be corrected in real time

18
Q

Integrated development environment (IDE)

A

a suite of programs used to write and test a computers program written in high level language

19
Q

single stepping

A

run the code line by line so that the values are checked

20
Q

breakpoint

A

stops the code at a specific line to check the current values

21
Q

report window

A

a separate window in the run-time part of the IDE that shows the contents of the variables during execution of program

22
Q

dynamic syntax checker

A

underline syntax error as code is entered

23
Q

context sensitive prompt

A

automatically complete a statement

24
Q

IDE tools used to help the writing of the program

A

1- debugging tool
2-pretty printing
3- context sensitive prompt
4- auto-correct

25
Q

how os manages processes in the computer

A

1- manages the scheduling of processes
2-enables processes to share data
3- allows multitasking
4- prevents interferences of processes
5- handles the process queue

26
Q

how os manages peripheral devices

A

1- installs device drive
2- to allow communication between computer and peripherals
3- receives and send data from and to peripherals
4- handles buffers and interrupt

27
Q

how defragmentation software works

A

Rearranges blocks of individual files (on the HDD) so they are
contiguous Accessing each file is faster
 …because there is no need to search for the next fragment