Ch.5

Question 1

Astrocytes

Answer 1

Most abundant neuroglia cell in the brain

Induce capillaries of brain to undergo changes in establishment of blood brain barrier

Help repair brain injuries

enhance synapse formation and modify synaptic transmissions

Question 2

Cerebrospinal fluid

Answer 2

Shock absorbing fluid between brain and skull

Formed in the choroid plexuses as a result of selective transport mechanisms across membranes of choroid plexuses

Circulated by Ependymal cell in the ventricles of the brain

Question 3

Blood-Brain Barrier

Answer 3

Allows nutrients to move by facilitated diffusion and any fat-soluble substances including alcohol, nicotine, and anesthetics

Absent in the hypothalamus due to the necessity of that organ to be in contact of blood directly.

Question 4

Cerebrum

Answer 4

Makes up 80% of brain weight

Divided into right and left hemispheres

Houses Basal Nuclei and is made up of the cerebral cortex

Question 5

Cerebral Cortex

Answer 5

Occipital love carries out initial processing of visual input

Temporal lobe interpretes auditory sensation info

Parietal lobe receives and process sesory inputs

Frontal lobe is responsible for voluntary motor control, speaking, and elaborative thought.

Site of conscious mind’s awareness, memory, and understanding.

Question 6

Broca’s Area

Answer 6

Located in the frontal lobe

Controls speaking ability

Damage here would result in loss of speaking ability i.e slurred or stuttered words

Question 7

Wernicke’s Area

Answer 7

Located in the left cortex where frontal, parietal, and temporal lobes meet.

Controls comprehension of language and written and spoken.

Damage here results in inability to put words in the correct order or loss of the ability to understand words at all

Question 8

Thalamus

Answer 8

Gateway to the cerebral cortex

Sorts edits and relays info

Receives afferent impulses from all senses and parts of the body

Impulses from the hypothalamus for regulation of emotion and visceral funtion

Impulses from the cerebellum and basal ganglia to help direct motor cortices

Thalamus mediates sensation, motor activities, arousal, learning, and memory

Question 9

Hypothalamus

Answer 9

Most involved in regulation of bodies internal environment

Controls:
temperature
thirst
urine output
food intake
anterior pituitary hormone secretion
production of posterior pituitary hormones
milk ejection
sleep wake cycles

Plays role in emotional and behavioral patterns

Question 10

Brain Stem

Answer 10

Oldest region of the brain

Controls respiration, circulation, and digestion

Concerned with maintaining proper position of the body in space and subconscious coordination of movement

Consists of Midbrain, Pons, and Medulla

Question 11

Midbrain

Answer 11

Centers for visual and auditory reflexes

Fright and Flight reaction

Question 12

Pons

Answer 12

Helps regulate rate and depth of breath

Relays nerve impulses to and from medulla and cerebellum

Question 13

medulla Oblongata

Answer 13

Conducts ascending and descending impulses between brain and spinal cord

Contains cardiac, vasomotor, and respiratory control centers

Contains nonvital reflex centers for coughing, sneezing, vomiting, hiccupping.

Question 14

Cerebellum

Answer 14

Important in planning, initiating, and timing of movements by sending input to the motor areas of the cortex.

Maintains proper position of the body in space

Subconscious coordination of motor activity

Plays key role in learning skilled motor tasks.

Question 15

Amygdala

Answer 15

Part of the limbic system

Recognizes angry or fearful facial expressions, assesses danger, elicits the fear response

Uses norepinephrine dopamine and serotonin

Question 16

Cingulate gyrus

Answer 16

plays role in expressing emotions via gestures, and resolves mental conflicts