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Integumentary System > Ch.5 > Flashcards

Ch.5 Flashcards

1
Q

What does integumentary system consist of?

A

Integument and it’s accessory organs

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2
Q

The Integument is the….

A

Skin

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3
Q

The Integuments accessory organs include:

A

Nail
Hair
Sweat glands
Subcuous(oil)glands

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4
Q

The integument consist of?

A

Superficial epidermis and the deeper dermis

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5
Q

Where does subcutaneous layer(hypodermis) is located?

A

Deep to the dermis

Not part of Integument

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6
Q

Where does Integument accessory are formed and reside?

A

Formed from epidermis

Reside in dermis

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7
Q

Integumentary system functions

A 
Protection
Temperature regulation 
Vitamin D synthesis
Sensory reception 
Excretion
Blood reservoir
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8
Q

Stratum basale

A

Deepest epidermal layer (in contract with basement membrane below)
A single layer of cells but 3 types(keratinocytes,melanocytes,tactile cells)

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9
Q

Keratinocytes

A
  • Cells that will ultimately produce Keratin

- They actively divide(mitosis) to push new keratinocytes up to the more superficial layers

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10
Q

Melanocytes

A

Produce the pigment melanin

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11
Q

Tactile cells

A

Sensory receptor

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12
Q

Stratum spinosum

A
  • several cell layers
  • keratinocytes begin to produce keratin
  • immune cells(epidermal dendritic cells) are also present
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13
Q

Keratin

A

Durable protein that makes the epidermis tough and waterproof

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14
Q

Stratum granulosum

A
  • Three to five layers of keratinocytes undergoing ‘keratinization’ which includes loss of organelle and nucleus
  • keratin is fully formed and cell is dead
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15
Q

Stratum lucidum

A
  • a few layers of dead keratinocytes
  • found only in thick skin
  • provides extra protection in thick skin
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16
Q

Where do you find thick skin?

A

Palms of the hands
Soles of the feet
Finger tips, and toe tips

17
Q

Stratum corneum

A

-Most superficial epidermal layer(in contract with the external environment)
-largest stratum with ~30 layers(many more in thick skin)of dead keratinocytes
Keratinocytes sloughed off by abrasion, replaced by keratinocytes pushed up from the deeper epidermal layers

18
Q

Dermis

A
  • The deeper, thicker layer of integument
  • very vascular(blood reservoir)
  • 2 regions (papillary layer, reticular layer)
19
Q

Papillary layer

A
  • the superficial, thinner layer of the dermis(in contract with the basement membrane of the epidermis above)
  • dermal papillae and epidermal ridges interlock to increase the surface area of contact between the dermis and epidermis
20
Q

Dermal papillae function

A
  • Contain capillaries, providing nutrients to and receiving wastes from the epidermis
  • the papillae also contain sensory receptors
21
Q

Reticular layer

A
  • The deeper, thicker layer of the dermis
  • compromise the majority of the integument
  • contain dermal blood vessels, sensory receptors, and the integuments accessory organs(gland and hair follicles)
22
Q

Subcutaneous layer(hypodermis)

A
  • also known as superficial fascia
  • deep to the dermis
  • thickness varies with location in the body
  • consist of adipose connective tissue(plus some areolar connective tissue)
  • binds the integument to the underlying muscle and other organs
  • cushioning,insulation,and energy reserve
23
Q

Nails

A
  • Nails,hair,sweat and sebaceous glands are derived from epidermis and develop as invaginations of the epidermis into the dermis
  • derived from the same type of cells as the stratum corneum of the epidermis
  • contain hard keratin(prevents individual cells from sloughing off)
24
Q

Nails consist of what?

A

A free edge(extending off of the finger or toe)
A nail body(the visible attached portion)
A nail root(the proximal portion embedded in the integument)
Lanula(whitish semilunar area at the proximal end)

25
Q

Hair

A
  • found everywhere on the body except for the palms of the hands, the soles of the feet, the lips, and the nipples
  • made of hard keratin
  • 3 types of hair: lanugo, vellus, terminal
26
Q

Lanugo

A

Very fine, unpigmented hair of a fetus. Mostly replaced by birth

27
Q

Vellus

A

Hair on most of the body

28
Q

Terminal hair

A

Found on scalp, eyebrow, eyelashes, beard, and in the axillary and pubic regions following puberty.

29
Q

Hair structure

A
  1. The shaft is the part that extends beyond the skin surface
  2. the root is the part within the follicle internal to the skin surface
  3. the bulb
30
Q

Hair-bulb

A
  • Expanded base of the root
  • consist of living epithelial cells even though it is located deeply within the dermis-it is swollen part of the base
  • surrounds the hair papilla which contains tiny blood vessels and nerves.
  • within the bulb is the hair matrix where the hair is actually produced
  • malanocytes are located here
31
Q

Hair follicle

A
  • Surrounds the hair root and hair bulb( at the base of the follicle is an in folding of the dermis into the hair bulb, called the hair papilla, which contains the capillaries that provide nutrients to the developing hair
  • arrector pilli muscle is attached to each hair follicle(stimulated by emotion or exposure to cold-when the muscles contract the hair is elevated producing what is commonly called “goose bumps”
32
Q

Integumentary system glands

A

Sweat(sudoriferous)glands
-merocrine sweat glands
-apocrine sweat glands
Sebaceous(oil) glands

33
Q

Merocrine sweat glands

A

-very numerous and widely distributed
Almost everywhere
Particularly abundant on palms, soles and forehead
-sweat(merocrine) is secreted directly onto the integument surface by way of a pore
-99% water
1% salts, antibodies, and waste products
Functions in temperature regulation,immunity, and excretion

34
Q

Apocrine sweat glands

A

-less numerous, with a limited distribution
Axillary and pubic regions
-sweats(apocrine) is released into a hair follicle(the secretion is more viscous, containing lipid and proteins)
-is not involved with temperature regulation
Apocrine sweat glands become functional during puberty
Are involved with chemical signaling

35
Q

Sebaceous glands

A

-Located everywhere in the body except the palms and soles
Particularly abundant on the face,neck, and upper chest and back
-produce sebum, an oily secretion
Sebum is released into a hair follicle
Sebum functions in lubrication of the hair and integument

Integumentary System (1 decks)

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