Ch.45 Antimicrobial Agents Flashcards
Antimicrobial agents are chemicals that eliminate living microorganisms that are _____ to the patient.
Pathogenic (TOXIC)
Antibiotics
Antimicrobial agent that is derived from other living microorganisms. Ex-Penicillin was first derived from the mold, Penicillium notstum.
Culture and sensitivity tests should first be completed to identify what?
The infective organism and determine the antibiotic to which the infecting organism is most sensitive.
Bacteria are classified as what two Microorganisms?
Gram-negative and Gram-Positive
What are the 3 types of antibiotics?
Antibacterial, Antifungal, Antiviral.
How are antibiotics classified?
They are classified according to the type of pathogen they are effective against.
When is the use of prophylactic antibiotics recommended?
For patients at risk for developing infective endocarditis before dental, gastric, and genitourinary surgery and other invasive procedures.
What are the BIG 3 adverse effects associated with antimicrobial drug therapy?
Nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea.
What are common secondary infections associated with antimicrobial drug therapy?
Oral infections like thrush, cold sores, canker sores, yeast infections, CDIFF
What should be assessed during Antimicrobial therapy?
the “big three”, Secondary infection, Allergies and anaphylaxis, Nephortoxicity, Hepatotoxicity, ototoxicity, Blood dyscrasias, photosensitivity, oral contraception use.
Hepatotoxicity asses for what?
Any preexisting hepatic disease such as cirrhosis or hepatitis
Amioglycoside antibiotics
Kill BACTERIA primarily by inhibiting protein synthesis. Used to treat E.Coli. Watch for ear and kidney damage.
Vancomycin
An antibiotic that prevents synthesis of bacterial cell walls. Effective against only gram-positive bacteria such as… streptocicci, staphylococci, CDiff. IV route should be given slowly to monitor B/P. Watch for ototocicity, especially in the elderly. May cause “red man syndrome”
Sulfonamides
Not true antibiotics because they are not synthesized by microorganisms. Used primarily to treat UTI’s and Otitis media. When being used it is important to drink plenty of water to prevent crystal formation in urine. Not for patients with sulfa allergies.
Penicillins- PCN (end in cillin)
Act by interfering with the synthesis of bacterial cell walls. Used to treat middle ear infections, pneumonia, meningitis, UTI’s, syphilis, and gonorrhea, and as a prophylactic antibiotic before surgery or dental procedures for patients with histories of rheumatic fever.
