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Fundamentals > Ch.42 Fluid, Electrolyte, and Acid-Base Balance (F) > Flashcards

Ch.42 Fluid, Electrolyte, and Acid-Base Balance (F) Flashcards

1
Q

What does volume refer to?

A

fluid amount

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2
Q

What does osmolality refer to?

A

concentration

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3
Q

What does electrolyte concentration refer to?

A

composition

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4
Q

What does pH refer to?

A

degree of acidity

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5
Q

What is the percentage of water-related to bodyweight?

A

60%

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6
Q

What is an electrolyte?

A

a compound that separates into ions when dissolved in water

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7
Q

What is the normal range of Na?

A

136-145

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8
Q

What is the normal range of K?

A

3.5-5.0

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9
Q

What is the normal range of pH?

A

7.35-7.45

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10
Q

what is the normal range of PaCO2?

A

35-45

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11
Q

What is the normal range of PaO2?

A

80-100

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12
Q

What is the normal range of O2 saturation?

A

95%-100%

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13
Q

What is the normal range of base excess?

A

-2 to +2

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14
Q

What is osmolality?

A

the measure of the # of particles/kg of water

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15
Q

What is an isotonic solution?

A

The amount of H2O transported INTO the cell = The amount of H2O transported OUT of cell

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16
Q

What is a hypotonic solution?

A

cell swells

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17
Q

What is a hypertonic solution?

A

Cell shrinks

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18
Q

What is active transport?

A

Requires energy to move electrolytes to a HIGHer concentration

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19
Q

What is diffusion?

A

High to LOW

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20
Q

What is osmosis?

A

Movement of H2O through a semipermeable membrane into an area with HIGH concentration that tends to cause equilibrium on both sides

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21
Q

What are the 4 organs that participate in fluid output?

A

1) Skin
2) GI tract
3) Lungs
4) Kidneys

22
Q

Which organ is the major fluid regulator?

23
Q

What is the function of the Antidiuretic hormone?

A

regulates how much H2O is excreted in urine

24
Q

What is the function of the Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone system?

A

influences how much H2O & salt is excreted in urine

25
Q

What is hypernatremia?

A

Water deficit; INCREASE in Na

26
Q

What is hyponatremia?

A

Water excess; DECREASE in Na

27
Q

What is hypokalemia?

A

Low K levels in blood

28
Q

What is hyperkalemia?

A

High K levels in blood

29
Q

What is hypocalcemia?

A

Low Ca levels in blood

30
Q

What is hypercalcemia/

A

High Ca levels in blood

31
Q

What is hypomagnesemia?

A

Low Mg levels in blood

32
Q

What is hypermagnesemia.

A

High Mg levels in blood

33
Q

What are buffers?

A

Pairs of chemicals that work together to maintain NORMAL levels of pH

34
Q

What type of acid do the lungs excrete?

A

carbonic acid

35
Q

What type of acid do the kidneys excrete?

A

Metabolic acid

36
Q

What is acidosis?

A

blood is too acidic

37
Q

What is alkalosis?

A

blood is too basic

38
Q

what is respiratory acidosis?

A

Lungs are unable to excrete enough CO2

39
Q

What is respiratory alkalosis?

A

Lungs excrete too much carbonic acid -water & CO2-

40
Q

What is metabolic acidosis?

A

INCREASE in metabolic acid or DECREASE in bicarbonate

41
Q

What is metabolic alkalosis?

A

INCREASE in bicarbonate or DECREASE in metabolic acid

42
Q

What type of imbalance do burns cause?

A

metabolic acidosis

43
Q

A person with type O, who can receive?

A

O, A, B, AB

44
Q

A person with type A, who can receive?

45
Q

A person with type B, who can receive?

46
Q

A person with type AB, who can receive?

47
Q

What can a person with the Rh-negative factor receive?

A

Rh-negative

48
Q

What is the normal range of WBC?

A

5,000-10,000

49
Q

What is the normal range for Hbg?

A

females: 12-16
Male: 14-18

50
Q

What is the normal range for Hct?

A

Female: 36%-47%
Male: 40%-52%

51
Q

What is the normal range for platelets?

A

150,000-400,000

Fundamentals (2 decks)

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