Ch4 Test 4 Flashcards
Ossification
•The term for bone formation by osteoblast cell
Osteoclasts
•reabsorbs bone removes bone from diaphysis
Resorption
•The term for bone destruction by osteoclasts
At what age does bone loss exceed bone gain
•40 years old
Osteoblasts
•produces new bone
Transitional vertebra
- A vertebra that has characteristics of two different types of vertebra
- congenital diseases
Transitional vertebra; location, radiographic appearance
- lumbarsacral junction
* expanded transverse process
Posterior defect of the spinal canal
•spina bifida
Splitting of the bony neural canal at L5 or S1
•spina bifida occulta (hidden)
Spinal bifida; radiographic appearance
- increase interpedicular distance
- boney defects
- absence of the laminae
- MRI presence of spinal cord/nerve roots with in herniated sac
Spinal bifida; treatment
•folic acid supplements during pregnancy
Epiphyseal cartilage
- between the epiphysis & diaphysis
- growth plate found on long bones
- mostly on children & adolescents
Meningocele
- type of spina bifida
* herniation of the meninges
______ also known as marble bones “chalk”
•osteopetrosis
Myelomeningocele
- herniation of
* meninges or nerve roots
results from diminished proliferation of the growth plate
•achondroplasia (common in dwarfs)
Where the diaphysis meets the epiphyseal growth plate
•metaphysis
Osteogenesis imperfecta treatment
- cast/brace
* rods for long bones
Spina bifida location
•entire vertebrae
Continuously resorbs old bone & produces new bone until adults
- osteoblasts
* osteoclasts
This disease often lead to pt with unusual blue color of the sclera of the eye
•osteogenesis imperfecta
Osteopetrosis location
•entire skeleton
Chiari II Malformation is associated with
•myelomeningocele
Osteopetrosis
- hereditary disease
- prevents bone marrow to form
- bone becomes very brittle
Brittle bones often characterized by multiple fractures
Osteogenesis imperfecta
Osteopetrosis; radiographic appearance/technique
- increase in bone density
* increase technique
Osteopetrosis; treatment
•no treatment
Most common infectious arthritis
•migratory arthritis from Lyme disease
Under the microscope the matrix of the bone consists of complex structure called
•haversian system
Osteopetrosis congenital or hereditary
•hereditary
Stress factor often occur for this disease/ PT. often becomes anemic
•osteopetrosis
Osteogenesis imperfecta location
•long bones
This disease is inherited pt generally wheelchair bound because of the skeletal unable to support body wt due to insufficient collagen in the bone
•osteogenesis imperfecta
Osteogenesis imperfecta radiographic appearance/ technique
- fractures
- cortical density
- low kVp
Wormian bones
- Associated with osteogenesis imperfecta in the skull widening the sutures
- producing mosaic appearances
The end of a long bone is known as
•epiphysis
Congenital hip dysplasia results from
•incomplete acetabulum formation
Hip dysplasia radiographic appearance
•AP/frog dislocation
Hip dysplasia treatment
•immobilization by harness/casting
Rheumatoid arthritis
•chronic disease of unknown cause usually occurring in small joints of hands & feet
Rheumatoid arthritis radiographic appearance
- tissue swelling
* joint destruction
Osteoarthritis location
- wt bearing joints
- spine
- knee
- ankle
Osteoarthritis radiographic appearance
- narrowing joint spaces
* bony spurs
Loss of joint cartilage & reactive new bone formation
•osteoarthritis
Osteophytes
•associated with osteoarthritis bony spur
Shaft of the long bone known as
•diaphysis
What Pathology is present if the posterior element of one or more vertebrae fail to unite
•Spina Bifida
Infectious arthritis location
•any joint
Pyogenic (pus)in the joint is associated with
•infectious arthritis
Disease causing “frozen joints” due to joint limitations
•bursitis
Treatment for arthritis
•NSAIDs
Women are affected 3X more than men at the average age of 40 is associated with
•rheumatoid arthritis
Lack of vitamin D in infants/children can cause
•rickets
This disease is common during complication of intravenous drug abuse
•bacterial osteomyelitis
Infectious arthritis treatment
•antibiotics
Bursitis
•inflammation of small fluid filled sac near the joint reduces friction
Bursitis most commonly found in
•shoulder
Bursitis treatment
- heat
- rest
- immobilization
- anti-inflammatory
Radiographic appearance for ______ is Ragged moth eating appearance
•Bacterial osteomyelitis
Fusiform, periatricular soft tissue swelling caused by joint effusion & hyperplastic synovial inflammation
•rheumatoid arthritis
Modality of choice For detecting Rotator cuff disorder
•MRI
Bacterial Osteomyelitis location for child & adult
Child;
•bones with rich red marrow like long bones (metaphysis)
Adult;
•vertebrae
Bacterial osteomyelitis
- inflammation of the bone marrow
* caused by infection
Staphylococci & streptococci causes osteitis & myelitis is common for what disease
•Bacterial osteomyelitis
Degenerative arthritis
•osteoarthritis
Disorder of metabolism causing increase blood level of Uric acid
•gout
Best modality for osteomyelitis
•bone scanning
Infectious arthritis organism may gain entry into joints by
•hematogenous rout
Osteomyelitis is not evident on xray until ____ days
•10 days
Resorbing bone cell enlarging the diameter of medullary cavity
•osteoclasts
Deposit of uric acid in the joint
•gout
Abnormal decrease in bone density due to lack of calcium deposits
•osteoporosis
Loss of bone mass, deficiency of bone matrix in entire skeleton (accelerated bone resorption)
•osteoporosis
Caused by vitamin deficiency in children
•rickets
Symetrical
•osteoarthritis
•rheumatoid arthritis
•infectious arthritis
•rheumatoid arthritis
Best modality to diagnose osteomyelitis involving the spine
•CT
Cervical rib
- may compress brachial nerve plexus
* requiring surgical removal
Pott’s disease
- tuberculosis of the spine
* associated with tuberculous osteomyelitis
Tuberculous osteomyelitis location
•vertebra T/L spine
Radiographic appearance: lyric lesion without periosteal elevation, collapse vertebra with kyphosis
•tuberculous osteomyelitis
Common arthritis of normal wear & tear
•osteoarthritis
