CH.4 Nervous System Flashcards
What is the nervous system?
A conglomeration of billions of cells specifically designed to provide a communication network within the human body.
What is the central nervous system?
The division of the nervous system comprising the brain and the spinal cord.
What is the central nervous system’s primary function?
It’s primary function is to coordinate activity of all parts of the body.
What is motor control?
How the central nervous system integrates Inernal an external sensory information with previous experiences to produce a motor response.
What is motor learning?
The integration of motor control processes with practice or experience that leads to relatively permanent changes in the body’s capacity to produce skilled movements
Ex. Shooting hoops over and over
What is Motor development?
They change the motor skill behaviour over time throughout the lifespan.
What is structural efficiency?
The structural alignment of the muscular and skeletal systems that allows the body to maintain balance in relation to its centre of gravity.
What is the neuron?
The functional unit of the nervous system.
Where are motor control, motor learning and motor development produced?
The brain.
How many neurons make up the nervous system?
Approximately 1 billion
What are the three main parts of a neuron?
The cell body, an axon and dendrites.
Sensory receptors Recognize environmental stimuli including…
Mechanoreceptors touch/position Thermoreceptors Temperature Nociceptors Pain Chemoreceptors Taste/smell Photoreceptors Light
What are Efferent neurons?
Nerve impulses that move away from the brain and spinal cord. They stimulate muscle contraction which is why they are also referred to as motor neurons (They create movement)
What is dendrite?
The portion of the neuron that is responsible for gathering information from other structures?
What is a cell body of a neuron? What parts make it up?
The portion of the neuron that contains the nucleus, lysosomes, mitochondria and golgi complex.
What does an axon do?
A cylindrical projection from the cell body that transmit nerve impulses to other neurons or effector sites.
What are nerve impulses?
The consecutive linking of neurons by electro chemical signals that travel through the nerve fibre.
What are mechanoreceptors?
Specialized sensory receptors respond to deformation of body tissues. Deformation simply refers to a change in position of the receptor which generates a nerve impulse. Mechanoreceptors can be stimulated in response to touch, pressure, stretch, and motion.
What are muscle spindles?
Small mechanoreceptors Found in the belly of skeletal muscles that measure the amount and rate of stretch. When the muscle is lengthened too much or too quickly the muscle spindle sends afferent impulses to the central nervous system.
What are Afferent neurons?
Nerve impulses that move towards the spinal cord and brain from the periphery of the body and are sensory nature.
What are efferent neuron’s?
Motor neurons that send a message for muscles to contract.
What are interneurons?
Only located within the spinal cord and brain. Receive impulses from afferent neurons and conduct back out to provide a motor response.
What are golgi tendon organs?
Receptors sensitive to the change in tension of the Muscle, and the rate of that change.
What are joint receptors?
Receptors in and around a joint that respond to pressure, acceleration, and deceleration of the joint.
