Ch4 English North America Flashcards
Jamestown
first colony, established in 1607 by a joint stock company
Maryland
4 things
the second colony
established by Calvert, a catholic.
Maryland was intended to be a refuge for those religiously prosecuted in England.
Many came as indentured servants or took advantage of the headright system
Acts of Religious Toleration
protect Catholics from Protestant prosecution
Jamestown suffered from what?
low population due to disease
attempts to correct the low population in Jamestown included what?
(3 things)
establishment of the headright system
house of burgesses
planting of tobacco
Tobacco dominated what?
The Virginian industry
Headright system
Gave land to any colonist willing to for his and another colonist’s passage
House of burgesses
first elected assembly, similar to England’s legislature
What 4 things did the planting of tobacco do?
depleted the soil
led to expansion
led to indian conflict (powhatan wars)
decreased social unity b/c there were greater dispersed settlement patterns
what did Virginia lack
stable family life
Middle and New England colonies were…
more diverse
The Chesapeake was tied to what crop?
tobacco
the demand for field labor due to tabacco was first met by whom?
indentured servants
what caused Bacon’s rebellion?
a minor confrontation between Indians and colonists on the Western Frontier of Virginia
Bacon’s Rebellion
largest and most powerful showcase of civil disobedience
What did bacon’s rebellion do?
accelerated the shift to slavery:
Indentured servants might ask for more rights and land once their term was completed whereas
slaves would be a permanent work force
slave trade
the lynchpin of triangular trade
2 characteristics of new slavery
race based
many slaves were together in the same place which led to stricter enforcement
true or false:
slavery had previously been used elsewhere but it was not uncommon for slaves to gain their freedom
true
slave codes
issues in the 1660s and repressed blacks
what justified slavery in the eyes of English
they were not christian
how did slaves benefit the mother country?
generated large profits which contributed to the first banks and insurance companies
what was the norm of 1700?
slavery. It had been established in all colonies.
5 examples of slave resistance
slow work mistreatment of animals broken tools revolt destruction of property
stono rebellion
most famous and violent slave rebellion
what resulted from the stono rebellion?
hardening of slave codes
Puritans
sought full reformation in England; wanted the church of England to remove Catholic practices
Why did the puritans leave England?
to escape religious restriction, political repression and for economic reasons
pilgrims
separatists who wanted to sever all ties w/ the Church of England
(smaller than puritans)
John Calvin
leader of the Puritans
Calvinism
idea that God had elected a few for salvation, albeit no one knew if they were saved or damned
John Winthrop
wanted to build an ideal Christian society (Boston) aka, the “city upon a hill”
what did wintrhop do?
inspire democratic reform
2 characteristics of puritans
migrated to NE as families (although women and children were subordinate)
valued education as a means to understand the bible
Anne Hutchinson
challenged the subordinate role of women in society
Roger Williams
2 things
argued for complete separation of church and state
fled to RI to found a religious tolerant state
Halfway Covenant of 1662
eased requirements for church membership by allowing baptism of children who’s parents could couldn’t provide testimony
not effective
William Penn
founded Pennsylvania as a refuge for Quakers
Quakers
first abolitionists
advocated freedom of worship,
opposed slavery,
and refused to bear arms
Pennsylvania
encouraged freedom of religion and had no state supported church
