Ch.4 - Deception

Question 1

What are the signs of deception?

Answer 1

• Emotional Arousal
• Facial Expressions ( Microexpressions)

Question 2

Define Emotional Arousal

Answer 2

Physical bodily responses ( sweating, heart-rate up,etc.)

Question 3

What are Microexpressions

Answer 3

very short leakage of emotion

Question 4

Emotional leakage

Answer 4

can’t hold back true feelings and some slip out

Question 5

What are some examples of emotional leakage

Answer 5

Eye contact = too much eye contact

Speech = slowed speech rate, long pauses, more hesitations, more errors

Behaviours = controlled and rigid, decreased hand gestures

Verbal = less detail, stories out of order and make less sense, voice pitch is higher

Question 6

What is a polygraph based on ?

Answer 6

Based on the belief that deception is related to physiological changes
Measures:
Respiration
Heart rate
Blood pressure
Sweating

Question 7

What would polygraphs be used in

Answer 7

Used in criminal investigations

Pre-employment screening for security agencies and police

Monitoring sexual offenders on probation (United States)

Question 8

What are the 2 types of polygraph tests

Answer 8

Comparison Question Test (CQT)

Concealed Information Test (CIT)

Question 9

Whats a con of the polygraph tests

Answer 9

May pressure people to confess (even if innocent) giving police incriminating evidence

Question 10

What are the 3 Phases of the CQT

Answer 10

1. Pre-test interview: Interview with to develop the comparison questions
2. Polygraph exam: Questions are asked while suspect’s physiological responses are measured (scoring after this)
3. Post-test interview: If a suspect is judged deceptive they are pressured to confess

Question 11

What is an irrelevant question + ex

Answer 11

Used to obtain a baseline.
ex. Are you left-handed?

Question 12

What is an relevant question + ex

Answer 12

Deal with the crime.

Did you assault Stan Smith on March 11th?

Question 13

What is an comparison question + ex

Answer 13

Deal with prior antisocial behaviour.

ex. Before age 25, did you ever verbally threaten to hurt anyone?

Question 14

What is a Concealed Information Test

Answer 14

Assesses if suspect has information that only the criminal would know

Asks multiple-choice questions, in which only one option is correct

Assumes if the suspect is guilty they will react strongly to correct information

Question 15

What is the admissibility of Polygraph

Answer 15

Currently allowed in some U.S. states if agreed by both prosecution and defence

Not admissible into evidence in Canadian courts

Question 16

Countermeasures of CQT and CIT

Answer 16

Physical and mental countermeasures dramatically reduce the effectiveness of the CQT and CIT

Question 17

Define Malingering

Answer 17

Intentionally faking psychological or physical symptoms
Done for external gain:
E.g., avoid criminal punishment, to obtain drugs, transfer of facility

Question 18

How would you detect Malingered Psychosis

Answer 18

Clues regarding the symptoms:
-Report rare, atypical symptoms, or absurd symptoms
-Report atypical delusions or hallucinations
-Absence of subtle symptoms
-Continuous hallucinations rather than intermittent

Other clues:
-Accuse clinician of not believing them
-Presence of accomplice
-Crime fits pattern of criminal history

Question 19

What is MMPI/ MMPI-2 assessments

Answer 19

MMPI/MMPI-2 are self-report personality inventories
contain special scales to detect unusual or atypical symptoms
scales are useful at detecting malingerers

Question 20

Lies of omission

Answer 20

Not saying anything

Question 21

Guilty are more reactive to ..

Answer 21

relevant questions

Question 22

Innocent are more reactive to

Answer 22

Comparison questions

Question 23

How long is a micro expression

Answer 23

1/25 - 1/5 seconds

Question 24

A) Phone
B) Face to Face
C) Text messages
D) Email

Answer 24

A & B because no paper trail