ch4

Question 1

activation energy

Answer 1

energy required for a chemical reaction to begin

Question 2

active site

Answer 2

the part of the enzyme to which the substrates binds

Question 3

active transport

Answer 3

movement of a substrate across a membrane against its concentration gradient using a carrier protein and energy from ATP

Question 4

adenosine triphosphate

Answer 4

a molecule whose high-energy phosphate bonds power many biological processes

Question 5

calorie

Answer 5

the energy required to raise the temperature of 1 gram of water by 1*C under standered conditions

Question 6

competitive inhibition

Answer 6

change in the enzymes activity occurring when an inhibitor binds to the active site competing with the enzymes normal substrate

Question 7

concentration gradient

Answer 7

different in solute concentractions between two adjacent regions

Question 8

diffusion

Answer 8

movement of a substance from a region where it is highly concentrated to an area where it is less concentrated

Question 9

electron transport chain

Answer 9

membrane-bond molecular complex that shuttles electrons to slowly extract their energy

Question 10

endocytosis

Answer 10

from of transportation in which the cell membrane engulfs extracellular material

Question 11

energy

Answer 11

the ability to do work

Question 12

entropy

Answer 12

randomness of disorder

Question 13

exocytosis

Answer 13

form of transportation in which vesicles containing cell secretions fuse with the cell membrane

Question 14

faciliated diffusion

Answer 14

form of passive transport in which a substrate moves down its concentration gradient with the aid of a transportation protein

Question 15

hypertonic

Answer 15

describes a solution in which the solute concentration is greater than on the other side of a semipermeable membrane

Question 16

hypotonic

Answer 16

describes a solution in which the solute concentration is less than on the other side of the semipermeable membrane

Question 17

isotonic

Answer 17

condition in which a solute concentration is the same on both sides of the semipermeable membrane

Question 18

kinetic energy

Answer 18

energy being used to do work energy of motion

Question 19

metabolism

Answer 19

the biochemical reactions of a cell

Question 20

negative feedback

Answer 20

pathway in which the product of a reaction inhibits the enzymes that controls its formation; also an action that maintains homeostasis by countering an existing condition

Question 21

noncompetitive inhibition

Answer 21

change in a enzymes shape occurring when an inhibitor binds to a site other that the active site

Question 22

osmosis

Answer 22

simple diffusion of water through a semipermeable membrane

Question 23

oxidation

Answer 23

the loss of one or more electrons by participant in a chemical reaction

Question 24

oxidation-reduction reactions

Answer 24

chemical reaction in which one reactant is oxidized and another is reduced

Question 25

passive transport

Answer 25

movement of a solute across a membrane without the direct expenditure of energy

Question 26

phagocytosis

Answer 26

from of endocytosis in which the cell engulfs a large particle

Question 27

potential energy

Answer 27

stored energy available to do work

Question 28

reduction

Answer 28

the gain of one or more electrons by a participant in a chemical reaction

Question 29

selectively permeable

Answer 29

the property that enables a membrane to admit some substances and exclude others

Question 30

simple diffusion

Answer 30

form of passive transport in which a substance moves down its concentration gradient without the use of a transport protein

Question 31

sodium-potassium pump

Answer 31

protein that uses energy from ATP to transport Na+ out of a cell and K+ into cells

Question 32

turgor pressure

Answer 32

the force of water pressing against the cell wall