ch4 Flashcards
extracellular matrix
material secreted from animal cells that provide mechanical protection and anchoring for the cells
tight junction
firm seal between two adjacent animal cells created by protein adherence
endoplasmic reticulum
series of interconnected membranous structures within eukaryotic cells that collectively modify proteins and synthesize lipids
gap junction
channel between two adjacent animal cells that allows ions, nutrients, and low molecular weight substances to pass between cells, enabling the cells to communicate
chromosome
structure within the nucleus that is made up of chromatin that contains DNA, the hereditary material
desmosome
linkages between adjacent epithelial cells that form when cadherins in the plasma membrane attach to intermediate filaments
prokaryote
unicellular organism that lacks a nucleus or any other membrane-bound organelle
eukaryotic cell
cell that has a membrane-bound nucleus and several other membrane-bound compartments or sacs
endomembrane system
group of organelles and membranes in eukaryotic cells that work together modifying, packaging, and transporting lipids and proteins
chloroplasts
plant cell organelle that carries out photosynthesis
ribosome
cellular organelle that carries out protein synthesis
cell wall
rigid cell covering made of cellulose that protects the cell, provides structural support, and gives shape to the cell
cytoskeleton
network of protein fibers that collectively maintain the shape of the cell, secure some organelles in specific positions, allow cytoplasm and vesicles to move within the cell, and enable unicellular organisms to move independently
lysosome
organelle in an animal cell that functions as the cell’s digestive component; it breaks down proteins, polysaccharides, lipids, nucleic acids, and even worn-out organelles
mitochondria
cellular organelles responsible for carrying out cellular respiration, resulting in the production of ATP, the cell’s main energy-carrying molecule
cytoplasm
entire region between the plasma membrane and the nuclear envelope, consisting of organelles suspended in the gel-like cytosol, the cytoskeleton, and various chemicals
nucleus
cell organelle that houses the cell’s DNA and directs the synthesis of ribosomes and proteins
golgi apparatus
eukaryotic organelle made up of a series of stacked membranes that sorts, tags, and packages lipids and proteins for distribution
centrosome
region in animal cells made of two centrioles
cell membrane
phospholipid bilayer with embedded (integral) or attached (peripheral) proteins, and separates the internal content of the cell from its surrounding environment
cytosol
gel-like material of the cytoplasm in which cell structures are suspended
central vacuole
large plant cell organelle that regulates the cell’s storage compartment, holds water, and plays a significant role in cell growth as the site of the macromolecule degradation
organelle
compartment or sac within a cell
flagellum
long, hair-like structure that extends from the plasma membrane and is used to move the cell
