Ch.4

Question 1

Cell

Answer 1

smallest living unit of the body; building blocks of the human body

Question 2

Plasma Membrane

Answer 2

surrounds the cell and separates cytoplasm from outside fluid

Question 3

Cytoplasm

Answer 3

contains contents of cell and stands between nucleus and cell membrane; contains liquid and organelles

Question 4

Nucleus

Answer 4

control center of the cell

Question 5

Mitochondria

Answer 5

powerhouse of the cell; produces energy

Question 6

Endoplasmic Reticulum

Answer 6

manufactures proteins, stores synthesized molecules, transports materials, and detoxifies/neutralizes chemicals

Question 7

Smooth endoplasmic reticulum

Answer 7

synthesizes phospholipids, cholesterol, steroid hormones, glycerides, and glycogen

Question 8

Rough endoplasmic reticulum

Answer 8

affiliated ribosomes produce proteins; will package and send proteins and materials to the Golgi apparatus

Question 9

Golgi Apparatus

Answer 9

modifies and packages secretions and enzymes for transport

Question 10

Lyosomes

Answer 10

vesicles filled with enzymes that perform clean up functions within the cells; engulf and digest debris and bacteria

Question 11

Microfilaments

Answer 11

form dense layer inside the plasma membrane; attaches plasma membrane to cytoplasm by forming connections with proteins - gives shape and structure to cell

Question 12

Centrioles

Answer 12

plays a role in cell division by producing spindle fibers that move DNA strands

Question 13

Plasma membrane

Answer 13

made mostly of phospholipids and cholesterol; helps substances move into or out of cell

Question 14

Diffusion

Answer 14

movement of substances from an area of high concentration toward area of low concentration through channels in the plasma membrane

Question 15

Phospholipids

Answer 15

in addition to cholesterol, major components of the plasma membrane

Question 16

Osmosis

Answer 16

net movement of water toward an area of high substance concentration

Question 17

Tonicity

Answer 17

pull on water

Question 18

Isotonic solution

Answer 18

substance concentration is the same inside and outside of cell

Question 19

What solution can cause a cell to burst?

Answer 19

Hypotonic Solution

Question 20

Hypotonic Solution

Answer 20

type of solution where substances migrate from a lower concentration outside the cell to a higher concentration inside the cell

Question 21

Hypertonic Solution

Answer 21

type of solution where substance migrate from a lower concentration inside the cell to a higher concentration outside the cell

Question 22

What kind of a solution can cause cells to shrink?

Answer 22

Hypertonic solution

Question 23

Facilitated Diffusion

Answer 23

carrier protein moves a substance from an area of high concentration toward an area of low concentration

Question 24

Active transport

Answer 24

carrier protein moves substances across plasma membrane with help of ATP (energy); movement is not dependent on concentration gradient and substances can move from areas of low concentration to areas of high concentration

Question 25

Vesicles

Answer 25

small membranous sacs

Question 26

Endocytosis

Answer 26

packaging of extracellular materials into a vesicle for import into a cell

Question 27

Exocytosis

Answer 27

packaging of intracellular materials into a vesicle for discharge into extracellular environment

Question 28

Cell Division

Answer 28

cellular reproductions for the purpose of replacing old and damaged cells

Question 29

Mitosis

Answer 29

somatic cell division where one parent cell gives rise to two identical daughter cells

Question 30

Meiosis

Answer 30

reproductive cell division where parent cell produces two cells, each cell having half of the genetic information as the parent cell

Question 31

True or false. Cell division commonly occurs in mature cells of nervous tissue, skeletal muscle, and cardiac muscle.

Answer 31

False

Question 32

Messenger RNA

Answer 32

aids in the copying of DNA

Question 33

Transfer RNA

Answer 33

deliver amino acids that will be used by ribosome to assemble a protein