CH38 Anatomy of the Digestive System

Question 1

Mucosa (epithelium)

Answer 1

innermost layer

Mouth, oropharynx, laryngopharynx, esophagus,anus: stratified squamous epithelium

remainder of the GI tract: simple columnar epithelium

function(s): secretion of hormones, mucus, & digestive enzymes; absorption of nutrients, & protection from infectious agents

Question 2

Mucosa (lamina propria)

Answer 2

Areolar connective tissue with blood vessels; contain lymphoid follicles, malt-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT)

Question 3

Mucosa (muscularis mucosae)

Answer 3

a thin layer of smooth muscle

Question 4

Submucosa

Answer 4

areolar and dense irregular connective tissue with blood vessels; lymphatic vessels, and nerve fibers (submucosal nerve plexus)

function(s): blood vessels present transport nutrients and other essential substances to maintain homeostasis; elastic fibers present maintain shape of the organs (i.e. small intestine)

Question 5

muscularis externa

Answer 5

circular layer (inner layer of smooth muscle)
longitudinal layer (outer layer of smooth muscle)

function(s): peristalsis and segmentation regulated by myenteric nerve plexus

Question 6

serosa (visceral peritoneum)

Answer 6

areolar connective tissue: connective tissue
simple squamous epithelium: epithelium (mesothelium)

function(s): reduced friction during the gliding action of digestive organs

Question 7

labia

Answer 7

lips

Question 8

oral orifice

Answer 8

mouth opening

Question 9

uvula

Answer 9

fingerlike projection of the soft palate

Question 10

tongue

Answer 10

a muscle

supported by mylohyoid M which then is attached to the hyoid bone, mandible, pharynx, styloid processes

Question 11

lingual frenulum

Answer 11

a membrane attaching and securing the inferior midline of the tongue to the floor of the mouth

Question 12

oral vestibule

Answer 12

the space bet teeth and cheeks and lips

Question 13

oral cavity proper

Answer 13

area within teeth and gum

Question 14

palatine tonsils

Answer 14

lymphoid masses located at the posterior end of the mouth

Question 15

palatoglossal arch

Answer 15

a membrane forming a concave area in the mouth anterior to the palatopharyngeal arch

Question 16

palatopharyngeal arch

Answer 16

a membrane forming a concave area in the mouth posterior to the palatoglossal arch

Question 17

lingual tonsil

Answer 17

a lymphoid tissue located at the base of the tongue, posterior to the oral cavity proper

Question 18

tonsilitis

Answer 18

inflammation of the palatine tonsils
enlarged
blocks the pharynx
painful and difficult when swallowing

Question 19

oropharynx

Answer 19

part of pharynx located behind the oral cavity starting from soft palate until the epiglottis

Question 20

laryngopharynx

Answer 20

located behind the larynx, starting from epiglottis until the base of larynx

Question 21

esophagus

Answer 21

a food passageway; no digestive nor absorptive function

Question 22

gastroesophageal sphincter

Answer 22

stomach-esophagus junction; it controls passage of food into the stomach

Question 23

mesentery

Answer 23

double-layered peritoneum or two sheets of serous membranes fused together

Question 24

lesser omentum

Answer 24

extends from the liver to the lesser curvature of the stomach

Question 25

greater omentum

Answer 25

coverage starts from the greater curvature of the stomach to the rest of the abdominal organs in an apronlike fashion

Question 26

stomach

Answer 26

a temporary storage

has three smooth muscle layers: circular, longitudinal, and oblique layers

conducts further mechanical and chemical breakdown of food aided by the oblique layer and certain hormones, respectively

Question 27

gastric gland

Answer 27

Glands found in the mucosa secrete HCl for digestion

Question 28

mucosal glands

Answer 28

also found in the mucosa secrete viscous solution to prevent the stomach from being digested by its own protein-digesting enzymes`

Question 29

Pyloric antrum (pyloric part of the stomach)

Answer 29

where most digestive activity occurs

Question 30

chyme

Answer 30

an acidic, semi-fluid mass containing partly digested food and gastric juice, which enters the pyloric sphincter, leading to duodenum of the small intestine

Question 31

cardia (cardial part of the stomach)

Answer 31

surrounds cardial orifice where food enters the stomach

Question 32

fundus (part of the stomach)

Answer 32

dome-shaped area superior and lateral to the cardia

Question 33

body (part of the stomach)

Answer 33

mid-portion; the largest portion of the stomach

Question 34

Pyloric canal (pyloric part of the stomach)

Answer 34

narrow tube-like portion

Question 35

Pylorus

Answer 35

distal end of the pyloric part extending to the small intestine

Question 36

Pyloric sphincter

Answer 36

valve controlling the emptying of the stomach to the small intestine

Question 37

chief cells

Answer 37

produce pepsinogen

Question 38

parietal cells

Answer 38

secrete HCl and intrinsic factor (for metabolizing B12, Vit B)