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Pharmacology Exam 3 > Ch.33: Anti-fungal Agents (Marcela) > Flashcards

Ch.33: Anti-fungal Agents (Marcela) Flashcards

1
Q

thiabendazole (tresaderm)

A
  • antihelmintic imidazole combination product

- treats malassezia otitis, ear mites

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2
Q

lime sulfur treats:

A

dermatophytosis

-strong antipruritic

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3
Q

lime sulfur side effects

A

drying, yellow stain, sulfur smell

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4
Q

amphotericin B MOA

A

binds to sterols; disrupts integrity of the membrane

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5
Q

amphotericin B spectrum

A

cryptococcosis
blastomycosis
histoplasmosis
cocidiomycosis

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6
Q

formulations of amphotericin B

A

liposomal (best*)
colloidal
lipid complex

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7
Q

amphotericin B adverse effects***

A

nephrotoxicity***
thrombophlebitis
hypokalemia
resistance develops over time

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8
Q

Malassezia more common in dogs/cats?

A

dogs

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9
Q

Candida more common in dogs/cats?

A

cats

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10
Q

Nystatin MOA

A

binds to ergosterol

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11
Q

Nystatin spectrum

A

candida

malassezia

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12
Q

ketoconazole MOA***

A

inhibits synthesis of ergosterol via inhibition of lanosterol 14-demethylase (a cytochrome P450 enzyme)

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13
Q

ketoconazole spectrum

A

broad spec: systemic infections, dermatophytosis, malassezia

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14
Q

what should you check before treating with ketoconazole?***

A

patien’ts liver function

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15
Q

Ketoconazole drug interactions

A

drugs using cytochrome P450

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16
Q

which species should not use Ketoconazole

A

cats. Also older dogs

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17
Q

adverse effects of Ketoconazole

A 
GI
hepatoxicity
teratogenic
alopecia
pruritis
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18
Q

itraconazole features of note

A
  • more active than ketoconazole
  • more expensive
  • increased affinity for fungal enzyme
  • fewer adverse effects
  • WELL tolerated in cats
  • broad spec
  • lipophilic
  • keratinophilic
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19
Q

itraconazole adverse effects**

A
  • vasculitis at high doses**
    • side effect of itraconazole but not ketoconazole
  • drug interactions
  • GI
  • liver toxicity
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20
Q

how is itraconazole metabolized?

A

liver

21
Q

is fluconazole metabolized by liver?**

A

NO (different from other azoles)

22
Q

fluconazole in cats?

A

Y

23
Q

Voriconazole metabolized by liver?

A

Y (via P450 suppression)

24
Q

voriconazole features of note

A
  • used for serious infections in immune compromised patients
  • excellent oral absorption
  • liver metabolism
25
Q

rank azoles that do liver metabolism in order of decreasing suppressive effect on P450***

A

ketoconazole > itraconazole > fluconazole > voriconazole

26
Q

Terbinafine features of note

A
  • lipophilic
  • keratinophilic
  • NO P450 interference
27
Q

Terbinafine spectrum

A

dermatophytosis

malassezia

28
Q

iodides used for

A

sporotrichosis (esp. in horses)

29
Q

only anti-fungal drug that targets oomyces**

A

caspofungin

30
Q

caspofungin MOA

A

glucan synthesis inhibitor

31
Q

T/F: chlorhexidine has limited anti-fungal efficacy

A

T

32
Q

miconazole used for:

A

malassezia dermatitis, yeast otitis

33
Q

Clortrimazole spectrum

A

yeasts, dermatophytes

34
Q

enilconazole spectrum

A

dermatophytes
malassezia
aspergillus

35
Q

selenium disulfide spectrum

A

malassezia

36
Q

disadvantages of selenium spectrum

A

no effect on dermatophytes
toxic for cats
drying

37
Q

griseofulvin is fungistatic/cidal?

A

static

38
Q

griseofulvin produced by:

A

penicillium griseofulvum

39
Q

griseofulvin spectrum*****

A

dermatophytosis. NO effect on other fungi/bacteria**

40
Q

most common fungal disease in cats

A

dermatophytosis

41
Q

griseofulvin MOA

A
  • active on growing cells
  • binds to intracellular microtubules which inhibits mitosis, synthesis of nucleic acids and proteins, and chitin synthesis
  • temporarily incorporated into keratin**
42
Q

metabolism of griseofulvin

A
  • hepatic

- excreted in urine

43
Q

does griseofulvin have long residual effect?*

A

NO

44
Q

absorption of griseofulvin dependent on:

A
  • microsize form (smaller the particle, more absorption there will be)
  • food (increases absorption)
45
Q

what drug decreases absorption of griseofulvin?

A

phenobarbital

46
Q

adverse effects of griseofulvin

A

GI

bone marrow suppression

47
Q

teratogenicity of griseofulvin

A

can induce malformation of the brain, skeleton, eye, etc. Never prescribe to pregnant animals!! **

48
Q

misc. properties of griseofulvin

A

anti-inflammatory

suppresses allergic and irritant reactions

Pharmacology Exam 3 (11 decks)

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