Ch.31

Question 1

Acceleration/deceleration injury

Answer 1

Head comes to a sudden stop but the brain continues to move back and forth inside the skull resulting in bruising to the brain

Question 2

Anterograde amnesia

Answer 2

The patient is unable to remember circumstances after the incident

Question 3

Basilar skull fracture

Answer 3

Fracture to the floor or bottom of the cranium

Question 4

Battle sign

Answer 4

Purplish discoloration of the mastoid area behind the ear is another delayed and late sign of basilar skull fracture

Question 5

Brainstem

Answer 5

The brains funnel shaped inferior part.

Question 6

Cerebellum

Answer 6

Sometimes called little brain the cerebellum controls equilibrium and coordinates muscle activity

Question 7

Cerebrospinal fluid

Answer 7

Within the skull the brain is cushioned in a dense serous substance

Question 8

Cerebrum

Answer 8

The largest part of the brain the cerebrum comprises three fourths of the brains volume

Question 9

Closed head injury

Answer 9

The scalp or skull can be lacerated but the skull remains intact and there is no opening to the brain

Question 10

Closed skull fracture

Answer 10

Is an injury in which the skull is fractured but there isn’t an open wound to the overlying scalp

Question 11

Concussion

Answer 11

Normally causes some disturbance in the brain function ranging from momentary confusion to complete loss of responsiveness

Question 12

Consensual reflex

Answer 12

The reflex in a unstimulated eye is known as

Question 13

Contusion

Answer 13

Or brushing and swelling of the brain tissue

Question 14

Coup/contrecoup injury

Answer 14

Damage can be at the point of a blow to the head and/or damage on the side opposite of the blow as the brain is propelled against the opposite side of the skull

Question 15

Crushing reflex

Answer 15

Increased systolic blood pressure and decreased heart rate

Question 16

Depressed skull fracture

Answer 16

Occurs when the bone ends are pushed inward toward the brain

Question 17

Diffuse Axonal injury

Answer 17

Injury to the brain that results from shearing tearing and stretching of nerve fibers

Question 18

Diplopia

Answer 18

Double vision

Question 19

Epidural hematoma

Answer 19

Accounts for only about 2 percent of all head injuries that require hospitalization

Question 20

Extension posturing

Answer 20

Or decerebrate posturing

Question 21

Flexion posturing

Answer 21

Or decorticating posturing flexing arms across the chest

Question 22

Herniation

Answer 22

Rise in icp the brain is eventually compressed and pushed out its normal position downward toward and through the foramen magnum

Question 23

Laceration

Answer 23

Like a contusion

Question 24

Linear skull fracture

Answer 24

Which is the most common type resembles a line there is no gross deformity in a linear fracture and it can be diagnosed only through a radiograph

Question 25

Meninges

Answer 25

Or layers of tissue that enclose the brain

Question 26

Nonpurposeful response

Answer 26

Reacting to pain but not trying to stop it

Question 27

Open head injury

Answer 27

Involves a break in the skull and a break in the scalp such as that caused by impact with a windshield or by an impaled object

Question 28

Open skull fracture

Answer 28

Is a fracture of the skull with an associated open wound to the scalp

Question 29

Purposeful response

Answer 29

The patient might try to move away from or remove the pain

Question 30

Raccoon sign

Answer 30

Purplish discoloration of the soft tissues around the eyes

Question 31

Retrograde amnesia

Answer 31

The patient is unable to remember circumstances leading up to the incident

Question 32

Subdural hematoma

Answer 32

Is a collection of blood between the dura mater and the arachnoid layer of the brain