Ch3 - Skeletal System

Question 1

Skeletal System

Answer 1

Consists of cartilage, periosteum, and bone (osseous) tissue. They support soft tissue, protect organs, act as important sources of nutrients and blood constituents, and serve as ridged levers for movement. 206 total, 177 engage in voluntary movement.

Question 2

Axial Skeleton

Answer 2

Skull, hyoid, cervical vertebrae, vertebral column, sternum, ribs, costal cartilage, sacrum, coccyx.

Question 3

Appendicular Skeleton

Answer 3

Bones of upper and lower limbs and their respective girdles. Calvicle, scapula (pectoral girdle is clavicle and scapula), humerus, radius, ulna, carpus, metacarpals, phalanges (small finger), hip bones (with scrum is pelvic girdle), pubic symphysis, femur, patella, tibia, fibula, tarsus, metatarsals, phalanges (small toes).

Question 4

Diaphysis

Answer 4

The main portion or shaft of a long bone (ex: Femur)

Question 5

Epiphysis (epiphyses)

Answer 5

The ends of a long bone. They are covered by articular cartilage.

Question 6

Cartilage

Answer 6

A resilient, semi-ridged for of connective tissue that reduces the friction and absorbs some of the shock in the synovial joints.

Question 7

Metaphysis

Answer 7

The region of mature bone where the diaphysis meets the epiphysis. In an immature bone this section includes the epiphyseal plate (growth plate).

Question 8

The Medullary Cavity

Answer 8

AKA marrow cavity, is the space inside the diaphysis. The endosteum is the lining of the cavity which contains cells necessary for bone development.

Question 9

Periosteum

Answer 9

A membrane covering the surface of the bones, except at the articular surfaces. Serves as a point of attachment for ligaments and tendons and is critical for bone growth, repair, and nutrition. Two layers: an outer fibrous layer and an inner highly vascular layer that contains cells for the creation of new bone.

Question 10

Compact Bone

Answer 10

(Dense) is architecturally arranged in “osteons” that contain few spaces. Forms the external layer of all bones and a large portion of the diaphysis of long bones where ir provides support for bearing weight.

Question 11

Cancellous Bone

Answer 11

(Spongy) much less dense it consists of three-dimensional lattice composed of beams/struts of bone called “trabeculae”. The trabeculae are orientated to provide strength against the stresses normally encountered by the bone. Open spaces are present between the trabeculae. In some bones the spaces are filled with red bone marrow which produces blood.

Question 12

Long Bones

Answer 12

Contains a diaphysis and a medullary canal; e.g. femur, tibia, humerus, ulna, and radius

Question 13

Short bones

Answer 13

Relatively small and thick; e.g. carpals and tarsals

Question 14

Flat bones

Answer 14

Plate-like; e.g. sternum, scapulae, ribs, pelvis

Question 15

Sesamoid bones

Answer 15

Found within tendons and joint capsules and are shaped like sesame seeds; e.g. patella