Ch3 Psychoanalytic Theory

Question 1

Anna O (the famous patient) Led Freud to popularize the “talking cure” or the…

Answer 1

Free flowing catharsis of symptoms and their possible origins

Question 2

psychoanalytic theory is based on the concept that…

Answer 2

Individuals are unaware of the many factors that cause their maladaptive behaviors and discomforting emotions

Question 3

Psychoanalytic treatment is…

Answer 3

highly individualized and seeks to show how early childhood experiences have impacted the formative aspects of our personality development

Question 4

the techniques and strategies in this approach are used

Answer 4

to illustrate to the client how unconscious thoughts and defenses formed early in life affect behavior patterns, relationships and overall mental health

Question 5

The general goals of psychodynamic Counseling

Answer 5

• client self-awareness
• client understanding of the influence of the past on present behavior
• correction of the clients distortions is often the focus of therapeutic treatment

Question 6

from the human nature: developmental perspective Psychoanalytic theory suggests

Answer 6

that behavior is largely determined by irrational forces, unconscious motivations, and biological or instinctual drives

Question 7

According to human nature in psychoanalytic theory humans are conceptualized largely in terms of

Answer 7

biology and maladaptive behaviors are symptomatic of a subconscious response to social interactions which the mind interprets as unsafe, thereby threatening the stability of the human personality structure

Question 8

what are the structures within the interactive system constituting human personality (psychoanalytic theory)

Answer 8

The id-
the instinctual and biological drives of the psyche
The superego-
the critical moralizing function
The ego-
the organized, realistic part that mediates and seeks a balance between the id and the superego

Question 9

the id

Answer 9

• the unorganized part of the personality structure containing basic drives.
• the only component of personality present from birth
• the source of all psychic energy and the primary component of personality
• completely unconscious
• functions on the pleasure principle

Question 10

the pleasure principle

Answer 10

emphasizes wants, desires and instant self-gratification, and if not satisfied immediately, the result is a state of anxiety or tension

Question 11

The superego (the last part of personality to develop)

Answer 11

works to suppress the urges of the id and strives for morality regardless of contextual circumstances

• emerges around age 5
• present in the conscience, preconscious and unconscious

Question 12

the two parts of the superego

Answer 12

ego-ideal-
includes the rules and standards for good behaviors that are approved by authority figures
conscience-
includes information about things that are viewed as bad by parents and society

Question 13

the ego functions on the

Answer 13

reality principle

Question 14

the reality principle

Answer 14

strives to satisfy the ids desires in realistic and socially appropriate ways

Question 15

Psychosexual development

Answer 15

stages: oral, anal, phallic, latent, genital
- personality develops through a series of childhood stages during which the pleasure seeking energies of the id become focused on certain erogenous areas
- psychosexual energy is suggested to be the driving force behind behavior (libido)
- the result of successful completion of psychosexual stages is a healthy personality
- if needs are not met and issues are not resolved in stages the individual will become fixated until conflict is resolved

Question 16

life instincts

Answer 16

deal with basic survival, pleasure, and reproduction
they sustain life
they include thirst, hunger, and pain avoidance

Question 17

death instincts

Answer 17

emerge as self destructive behavior, self harm and self sabotage. death instincts are often expressed as aggression or violence and are tempered by the life instincts

Question 18

Defense Mechanisms

Answer 18

• a function of the ego striving to protect from experiencing anxiety or guilt caused by discord between the id and superego
• a coping strategy that shields the mind from feelings or thoughts that are interpreted as inappropriate, unwanted, or uncomfortable

denial, repression, reaction formation, projection, displacement, rationalization, sublimation, regression, compensation, compartmentalization, and intellectualization

Question 19

denial

Answer 19

The refusal to accept reality and to act as if a painful event, thought, or feeling did not exist

Question 20

repression

Answer 20

The blocking of unacceptable impulses from consciousness.

Question 21

reaction formation

Answer 21

The converting of wishes or impulses that are perceived to be dangerous into their opposites.

Question 22

projection

Answer 22

The attribution of one’s undesired impulses onto another.

Question 23

displacement

Answer 23

The redirecting of thoughts feelings and impulses from an object that gives rise to anxiety to a safer, more acceptable one.

Question 24

rationalization

Answer 24

The cognitive reframing of one’s perceptions to protect the ego in the face of changing realities.

Question 25

sublimation

Answer 25

The channeling of unacceptable impulses into more acceptable outlets.

Question 26

regression

Answer 26

The reversion to an earlier stage of development in the face of unacceptable impulses.

Question 27

compensation

Answer 27

A process of psychologically counterbalancing perceived weaknesses by emphasizing strength in other areas.

Question 28

compartmentalization

Answer 28

A process of separating parts of the self from awareness of other parts and behaving as if one had separate sets of values.

Question 29

intellectualization

Answer 29

The use of a cognitive approach without the attendant emotions to suppress and attempt to gain mastery over the perceived disorderly and potentially overwhelming impulses.

Question 30

when defense mechanisms fail to protect an individual

Answer 30

the individual will unconsciously experience an overwhelming sense of emotional discord and will most likely seek counseling

Question 31

transference and countertransference

Answer 31

the process of attributing ones feelings of one person onto another