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Life in the UK > Ch3- history > Flashcards

Ch3- history Flashcards

1
Q

Who was the first person to lead a Roman invasion in Britain in 55 BC?

A

Julius Caesar

unsuccessful
- for nearly 100 yrs Britain was separate from Roman Empire

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2
Q

Which name is given to the tombs where people buried their dead during the Bronze Age?

A

round barrows

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3
Q

What did the ‘Bill of Rights‘ confirm in 1689?

A

rights of Parliament + limits of king’s power
- who could be monarch + king/ queen must be Protestant

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4
Q

Who designed the Clifton Suspension Bridge located over the Avon George?

A

Isambard Kingdom Brunel

3 words

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5
Q

During the Middle Ages, England was an important trading nation and people came to England from abroad to trade and also to work. Where did the glass manufacturers come from?

A

Italy

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6
Q

Which American President worked closely with Margaret Thatcher?

A

Ronald Reagent

Thatcher RR attention🤯

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7
Q

Who was the first Archbishop of Canterbury?

A

St Augustine

led missionaries from Rome, spread Chirstianity in South

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8
Q

When did ‘the Concorde’ aircraft fly for the first time?

A

1969
- began carrying passengers in 1976

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9
Q

When did Adolf Hitler come to power in Germany?

A

1933

when everyone was still alive (saang)

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10
Q

What was inscribed in the first coins to be minted in Britain during the Iron Age?

A

names of Iron Age kings

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11
Q

When did Emmeline Pankhurst set up the Women’s Franchise League, which fought to get the vote in local elections for married women?

A

1889

Emmeline Pankhurst was born in Manchester in 1858. She set up the women‘s Franchise League in 1889, which fought to get the vote in local elections for married women. In 1903 she helped found the Women‘s Social and Political Union (WSPU).

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12
Q

In which English county is the monument of Stonehenge located?

A

Wiltshire

The ancestors of these first farmers probably came from south-east Europe. These people built houses, tombs and monuments on the land.

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13
Q

What is the best-known work from Robert Burns?

Scottish poet

A

Auld Lang Syne

sung by UK ppl + other countries when celebrating New Year (/ Hogmanay in Scot)

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14
Q

What British actor was best known for his roles in various Shakespeare plays?

A

Sir Laurenece Olivier

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15
Q

Who was responsible for the construction of the Great Western Railway?

A

Isambard Kingdom Brunel

  • 1st major railway in Britain
  • runs from Paddington Station (London) to SW of England, West Midlands + Wales
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16
Q

Which TWO of the following forts form part of Hadrian’s Wall?

A
  1. Housesteads
  2. Vindolanda
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17
Q

How many British casualties were recorded during the First World War?

A
  • >2m

smallest option

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18
Q

Why did Henry VIII decide to divorce Catherine of Aragon?

A

too old to give him another child

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19
Q

What characterised the Bronze Age?

A
  • roundhouses
  • buries dead in tombs

Bronze age = 2000BC - 700BC

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20
Q

How many British citizens left the country between 1853 and 1913?

A

13m

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21
Q

Who was known as the Iron Duke?

A

Duke of Wellington

‘gosh, wellington boots are heavy as iron!’

In 1815, the French Wars ended with the defeat of the Emperor Napoleon by the Duke of Wellington at the Battle of Waterloo. Wellington was known as the Iron Duke and later became Prime Minister.

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22
Q

British inventions (3)

A
  • World Wide Web (www.)
  • Turing machine
  • hovercraft
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23
Q

When did Argentina invade the Falklands Islands?

A

1982

發異(想天開)

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24
Q

When did Alexander Fleming win the Nobel Prize in medicine for the discovery of penicillin?

A

1945

science = nice no.

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25
Q

When did the Roman army leave Britain?

A

AD 410

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26
Q

When was Emmeline Pankhurst born?

A

1858

5 8 women’s day

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27
Q

How long did WWI last for?

A

4 years

1914-1918

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28
Q

Who was Henry VII?

A

leader of House of Lancaster

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29
Q

Which British scientist led the development of the atomic bomb?

A

Ernest Rutherford

atomic model!

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30
Q

What was the ability of the Harrier jump jet aircraft?

A

to take off vertically

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31
Q

Which two scientists led a team which was the first to succeed in cloning a mammal, Dolly the sheep?

A

Sir Ian Wilmot
Keith Campbell

KC = me :)

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32
Q

What British discovery was influential in the development of computer science and the modern-day computer?

A

Turing machine

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33
Q

Which famous philosopher developed ideas about human nature during the 18th century and that have continued to influence philosophers over the years?

A

David Hume

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34
Q

Which prehistoric village located in northern Europe has helped archaeologists to understand more about how people lived near the end of the Stone Age?

A

Skara Brae

Stone Age vs S B

on Orkney, off the North coast of Scot

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35
Q

During the Middle Ages, a Parliament was developed in Scotland, which had three Houses called Estates. These were:

A
  1. lords
  2. commons
  3. clergy
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36
Q

Which of the following scientific discoveries helped the progress of the Industrial Revolution?

A

steam power

James Watt

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37
Q

Where in England was one of the Anglo-Saxon kings buried with treasure and armour?

A

Sutton Hoo, Suffolk

treasure- woohoo!

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38
Q

Words that come from the Norman French

A
  • Beauty
  • park
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39
Q

Catherine Parr, the sixth wife of Henry VIII, was Anne Boleyn’s cousin

A

False
Catherine Howard was Anne Boleyn’s cousin

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40
Q

What was the symbol of York during the Wars of the Roses?

A

white rose

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41
Q

During which movement the Parliament passed laws giving women the right to equal pay and made it illegal for employees to discriminate against women because of their gender:

A

the Swinging Sixties

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42
Q

Where can you find a statue of Boudicca, the queen of the Iceni and one of the tribal leaders who fought against the Romans?

A

Westminster Bridge

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43
Q

For how long was Britain a republic under the leadership of Oliver Cromwell?

A

11

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44
Q

Who became one of the most popular monarchs in English history, particularly after 1588, when the English defeated the Spanish Armada?

16th cent

A

Elizabeth I

Spanish Armada (a large fleet of ships)- sent by Spain to conquer England and restore Catholicism

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45
Q

When did the ‘Concorde‘ aircraft retire from service?

A

2003

SARS

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46
Q

When did the Allies defeat Germany marking the end of the Second World War?

A

May 1945

S looks like 5

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47
Q

During the Middle Ages, England was an important trading nation and people came to England from abroad to trade and also to work. Where did the weavers come from?

A

France

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48
Q

During the Middle Ages, England was an important trading nation and people came to England from abroad to trade and also to work. Where did the engineers come from?

A

Germany

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49
Q

During the Middle Ages, England was an important trading nation and people came to England from abroad to trade and also to work. Where did the canal builders come from?

A

Holland

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50
Q

Throughout the 1990s, Britain played a leading role in coalition forces involved in the liberation of Kuwait, following the Iraqi invasion in 1990, and the conflict in the former Republic of Yugoslavia:

A

T

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51
Q

The ‘swinging sixties’ was a period of significant social change and it was known for its growth in:

A

British fashion, cinerma, popular music

1960s

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52
Q

Who were the parents of Elizabeth I?

A

Henry VIII + Anne Boleyn

second wife

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53
Q

Who was reigning in Britain when Wales became formally united with England by the Act for the Government of Wales?

A

Henry VIII

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54
Q

Who were the first people to live in Britain in what we call the Stone Age?

A

Hunter-gatherers

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55
Q

After the Black Death, new social classes appeared in England, including owners of large areas of land known as:

A

Gentry

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56
Q

When did people learn how to make bronze?

A

~4000 years ago

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57
Q

Who was Boudicca?

A

One of the tribal leaders who fought against the Romans

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58
Q

What actions did Henry VII take after his victory in the Wars of the Roses?

A

Reduced power of the nobles

to solidify his power!

After his victory in the Wars of the Roses, Henry VII wanted to make sure that England remained peaceful and that his position as king was secure. He deliberately strengthened the central administration of England and reduced the power of the nobles.

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59
Q

Who became Prime Minister in May 2010?

A

David Cameron

In May 2010, and for the first time in the UK since February 1974, no political party won an overall majority in the General Election. The Conservative and Liberal Democrat parties formed a coalition and the leader of the Conservative Party, David Cameron, became Prime Minister.

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60
Q

the Middle Ages was:

medieval period

A

a period of constant war

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61
Q

What does NATO stand for?

A

North Atlantic Treaty Organisation

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62
Q

What characerised the people from Bronze Age?

A

They were accomplished metalworkers

made beautiful objects in bronze + gold, inc tools, ornaments, weapons

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63
Q

What is the name of the event that refers to the 6 June 1944 when Allied Forces landed in Normandy aiming to attack Hitler’s forces in Western Europe during World War II?

A

D-Day

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64
Q

Which British Prime Minister led the Conservative government from 1979 to 1990?

A

Margaret Thatcher

Britain’s first woman PM

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65
Q

Which of the following civilisations is known for having built roads and public buildings, creating a structure of law and having introduced new plants and animals in Britain?

A

Romans

Romans are smart

remained in Britain for 400 years

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66
Q

When was the Turing machine discovered?

A

1930s

invented by Alan Turing

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67
Q

What marked the beginning of what is called ‘constitutional monarchy’?

A

laws passed after the Glorious Revolution

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68
Q

During which period were the House of Lords and House of Commons established?

A

Middle Ages

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69
Q

How many years did Queen Victoria reign for?

A

almost 64 years

became queen at 18, in 1837, until 1901

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70
Q

What is the name of Admiral Nelson’s ship?

A

HMS Victory

admire victory- narcissist

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71
Q

Which of the following was one of the commanders in the defeat of the Spanish Armada and one of the founders of England’s naval tradition?

navy

A

Sir Francis Drake

navy = glory = sir

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72
Q

Who was the inventor of the World Wide Web?

A

Sir Tim Berners-Lee

3 words

1st successful attempt on 25 Dec 1990

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73
Q

When did the Wars of the Roses start?

A

1455

In 1455, a civil war was begun to decide who should be king of England. It was fought between the supporters of two families: the House of Lancaster and the House of York. This war was called the Wars of the Roses, because the symbol of Lancaster was a red rose and the symbol of York was a white rose.

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74
Q

When did the UK join the European Economic Community (EEC)?

A

1973

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75
Q

Who defeated the French at the battle of Agincourt in 1415?

A

King Henry V

one of the most famous battles of the Hundred Years War

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76
Q

Which British Prime Minister nationalised major industries including coal and steel?

A

Clement Attlee

  • nationalisation of major industries
  • created NHS
  • implemented Beveridge’s plans for a stronger welfare state
  • improve worker conditions
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77
Q

Which British explorer mapped the coast of Australia?

A

Captain James Cook

established a few colonies

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78
Q

What were the main occupations of the people during the Iron Age?

A

Farmers, craft workers, warriors

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79
Q

What was the name of Sir Francis Drake’s ship and which was one of the first to sail around the world?

sail around - ‘circumnavigate’

A

The Golden Hind

hind = female deer = fancy

  • one of the commanders in the defeat of Spanish Armada
  • one of the founders of England’s naval tradition
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80
Q

Why did Henry VIII marry Anne of Cleves?

German princess

A

for political reasons

then divorced

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81
Q

How many American colonies declared their independence in 1776, stating that people had a right to establish their own governments?

A

13

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82
Q

Where was Catherine of Aragon (the first wife of Henry VIII) from?

A

Spain

Spanish princess

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83
Q

When did the post-war economic boom come to an end?

A

late 1970s

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84
Q

During her government, Margaret Thatcher made structural changes to the economy through the privatisation of nationalised industries and imposed legal controls on trade union powers:

A

T

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85
Q

Who sat at the House of Commons during the Middle Ages?

A

Knights + wealthy ppl from towns + cities

knights- usually smaller landowners

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86
Q

Which of the following words come from the Anglo-Saxon language?

A
  • apple
  • summer
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87
Q

How old was the Queen of Scotland, Mary Stuart, when she became queen?

A

a week old

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88
Q

Who wrote a famous series of poems in English about a group of people going to Canterbury on a pilgrimage and known as ‘The Canterbury Tales’?

A

Geoffrey Chaucer

GC ~ Jesus ~ pilgraimage

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89
Q

Which British Prime Minister was famous for the speech ‘I have nothing to offer but blood, toil, tears and sweat’?

A

Winston Churchill

1st speech to House of Commons after becoming PM

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90
Q

Which of the following countries did NOT belong to the Allies during World War II?
a. France
b. Bulgaria
c. The UK
d. Australia

/ WWI

A

Bulgaria

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91
Q

Which famous architect designed St Paul’s Cathedral after it was destroyed by a fire in 1666?

A

Sir Christopher Wren

CW- Wrecked Cathedral

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92
Q

Who proposed that enemy aircrafts could be detected by radio waves and is responsible for the development of the radar?

A

Sir Robert Watson-Watt

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93
Q

Who sat at the House of Lords during the Middle Ages?

A
  • great landowners
  • bishops
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94
Q

Which of the following countries was NOT part of the Central Powers during the First World War?
a, Germany
b. Serbia
c. Austria
d. Hungary

A

Serbia

was part of Allied powers

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95
Q

Who was the first English Prime Minister?

A

Sir Robert Walpole

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96
Q

Who established the Church of England?

A

Henry VIII

to divorce his first wife but the Pope refused

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97
Q

What is the meaning of ‘Magna Carta’?

A

The Great Charter

  • even the king was subject to law
  • protected rights of nobility
  • restricted king’s power to collect taxes/ make + change laws
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98
Q

When did the Wars of the Roses end?

A

1485

30 yrs!!

ended w/ Battle of Bosworth Field

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99
Q

Who was the British Minister after Margaret Thatcher?

A

John Major

established N Ireland peace process

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100
Q

Who defeated Emperor Napoleon at the Battle of Waterloo in 1815?

A

Duke of Wellington

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101
Q

Which famous economist developed ideas about economics during the 18th century and which are still referred to today?

A

Adam Smith

economist (might be Scottish)

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102
Q

Who invented the cash-dispensing ATM (automatic teller machine) or ‘cashpoint’?

A

James Goodfellow

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103
Q

What is the meaning of the term ‘Habeas corpus’?

A

You must present the person in court

every prisoner has a right to a court hearing

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104
Q

What was the most spoken language during the Iron Age?

A

Celtic

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105
Q

When did the English become the preferred language of the royal court and Parliament?

A

1400

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106
Q

What did the Chartists campaign for?

A

right to vote for the working classes + other ppl w/o property

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107
Q

When did Emmeline Pankhurst die?

A

1928

women given right to vote at age of 21 before she dies – so win!

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Perfectly
108
Q

How old was Queen Victoria when she became Queen in 1837?

A

18 yrs old

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109
Q

Which battle signified the end of the Wars of the Roses?

A

the Battle of Bosworth Field

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110
Q

Who became PM in the UK in May 1940?

A

Winston Churchill

ancient

son of politician, was a soldier + journalist before MP

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111
Q

When did English settlers begin to colonise the eastern coast of America?

A

In Elizabeth I’s time

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112
Q

When did the Black Death come to England?

A

1348

Middle Ages

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113
Q

When did British combat troops leave Iraq?

A

2009

cos Lok Yin was born

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114
Q

The line ‘all the world’s a stage’ belongs to which of the following plays or poems written by William Shakespeare?

A

As You Like It

115
Q

Who was in charge of the British fleet at the Battle of Trafalgar?

A

Admiral Nelson

killed in the battle

116
Q

Who was the leader of the English Republic?

A

Oliver Cromwell

only option that is not king

117
Q

Where was Margaret Thatcher born?

A

Lincolnshire

lincoln = posh = PM

daughter of a grocer

118
Q

Who introduced the Statute of Rhuddlan by which Wales annexed to the Crown of England in 1284?

A

King Edward I of England

119
Q

Which was the first major railway built in Britain?

A

Great Western Railway

120
Q

In the 15th century, Henry Tudor, the leader of the House of Lancaster, became:

A

King Henry VII

after defeating King Richard III of York

121
Q

Under which king did the Anglo-Saxon kingdoms in England unite to defeat the Vikings?

A

King Alfred the Great

122
Q

Who invaded England after the Romans?

A

Anglo-Saxons

Romans left in AD 410 to defend other parts of Roman Empire, never returned.
Britain then invaded by N Europe tribes: Jutes, Angles, Saxons

123
Q

T/F

The Elizabethan period in England was a time of growing patriotism: a feeling of pride in being English, English explorers sought new trade routes and tried to expand British trade into the Spanish colonies in the Americas:

A

T

124
Q

Who were the suffragettes?

A

group who used civil disobedience to gain the vote for women

125
Q

When did Henry VIII die?

A

Jan 1547

never made it to feb (fab) cos he killed his wives

28/1/1547

126
Q

Which of the following lines from Shakespeare’s plays and poems is often still quoted?
a. The Darling buds of May
b. I have nothing to offer but blood, toil, tears and sweat
c. Long live our noble King
d. God save the King

A

A

line from Sonnet 18 – Shall I Compare Thee To A Summer’s Day

127
Q

Which of the following statements about Mary, Queen of the Scotland, is NOT true?
A. She spent most of her childhood in France
B. She was a Protestant
C. She gave her throne to her Protestant son, James VI of Scotland.
D. She was kept her prisoner for 20 years

A

B, ∵ she was a Catholic

Mary Stuart

128
Q

When did Ireland become unified with England, Wales and Scotland?

A

1801

after Act of Union of 1800 –> United Kingdom of Great Britain + Ireland

129
Q

What was the estimated population of the British Empire during the Victorian period?

A

more than 400m

largest empire in the world at the time-
- all of India
- Australia
- largest parts of Africa

130
Q

Which of the following countries was NOT part of the Allied Powers during the First World War?
A. France
B. Japan
C. Serbia
D. Bulgaria

A

D

part of Central Powers

131
Q

Florence Nightingale is known for her work on:

A

development of nursing in the UK

132
Q

Which act abolished slavery throughout the British Empire in 1833?

A

the Emancipation Act

133
Q

Who became King of England when Queen Anne died in 1714?

A

George I

German chosen by Parliament ∵ he was Anne’s nearest Protestant relative

134
Q

How many British casualties were recorded during the first day of the British attack of the Somme in July 1916 during WWI?

A

60,000

135
Q

Which 2 countries developed the ‘Concorde’ aircraft?

A

France + Britain

136
Q

Which Scottish physician and researcher co-discovered the insulin used to treat diabetes?

A

John MacLeod

Scottish = weird surname

137
Q

Which of the following social laws were liberalised during the 1960s?
A. The law of abortion
B. The law of divorce
C. The law of immigration
D. The law of adoption

A

A, B

in England, Wales, Scotland

138
Q

Who was the mother of Elizabeth I?

A

Anne Boleyn

139
Q

When was the NHS established?

A

1948

led by Aneurin (Nye) Bevan, Minister of Health- guaranteed min standard of healthcare for all, free at point of use

140
Q

How many Russian and Polish Jews came to Britain to escape prosecution between 1870 and 1914?

A

~120,000

3rd biggest option

141
Q

The line ‘a rose by any other name’ belongs to which of the following plays or poems written by William Shakespeare?

A

‘Romeo and Juliet’

142
Q

When was the first television broadcast made?

A

1932

生意

  • Scotsman John Logie Baird
  • betw London + Glasgow
143
Q

Who invented the hovercraft?

A

Sir Christopher Cockerell

Chris = cool

144
Q

Which of the following events relates to the German bombing of London and other cities at night time during the World War II?
A. The Bombing
B. The German raid
C. The Blitz
D. The Axis

A

The Blitz

  • Battle of Britain
  • summer of 1940
145
Q

British invention from the 20th century?

A

Harrier jump jet

146
Q

When did Winston Churchill die?

A

1965

147
Q

During the 17th century there were two main groups in Parliament, which were known as:

A

Whigs + Tories

148
Q

When was the Women’s Social and Political Union (WSPU) established?

A

1903

latest option

149
Q

Under which Act was the UK of Great Britain created?

A

Act of Union

  • also known as Treaty of Union in Scotland
  • 1707
150
Q

When did the first farmers arrive in Britain?

A

6000 years ago

smallest option

151
Q

For what purpose was the Statue of Rhuddlan introduced?

A

annex Wales to Crown of England

by King Edward I

152
Q

When did Henry VIII start reining?

A

April 1509

21/4/1509 - 28/1/1547

153
Q

T/F

In May 2010, the Conservative and Liberal Democrat parties formed a coalition and the leader of the Liberal Democrat Party, David Cameron, became Prime Minister:

A

F

David Cameron = leader of Conservatives

154
Q

Which hill fort from the Iron Age can be seen in the county of Dorset?

A

Maiden Castle

olden times = maid

England

155
Q

Why was the ‘Habeas Corpus Act’ of 1679 an important piece of legislation?

A

guaranteed that no one could be held prisoner unlawfully

156
Q

Who was Prime Minister in England from 1721 to 1742?

A

Sir Robert Walpole

FIRST PM

157
Q

The Battle of Hastings is commemorated in a great piece of embroidery, which is known as:

A

Bayeux tapestry

Battle

France

158
Q

Which of the following countries did NOT join the European Economic Community when it was first formed in 1957 (choose ONE option)?
A. Luxembourg
B. West Germany
C. The UK
D. The Netherlands

A

UK

initial EEC:
- W Germany
- France
- Belgium
- Italy
- Luxembourg
- Netherlands

UK joined in 1973

159
Q

When was Ireland divided into 2 countries?

A

1922

peace treaty signed in 1921

160
Q

The Middle Ages or medieval times relate to the time that goes from the period after the Norman Conquest until the year:

A

1485

161
Q

When did the Vikings first visit Britain to raid coastal towns and take away goods and slaves?

A

AD 789

Vikings from Denmark + Norway

162
Q

Where can Admiral Nelson’s ship known as HMS Victory be visited?

A

Portsmouth

ship - port

163
Q

Who were the Puritans?

A

a group of Protestants who advocated strict and simple religious doctrine and worship

164
Q

What is the name of the battle where the Scottish led by Robert the Bruce defeated the English in 1314?

A

the Battle of Bannockburn

buttock burn ∵ English betrayed by Scots

and Scotland remained unconquered by the English

165
Q

Who took the British throne after the death of Henry VIII?

A

Edward VI

166
Q

Which of the following words comes from the Viking language?
A. Pencil
B. Table
C. Scunthorpe
D. Rabbit

A

C.

Vikings = weird words

or ‘Grimsby’

167
Q

During the Crusades, European Christians fought for the control of:

A

the Holy Land

168
Q

The line ‘to be or not to be’ belongs to which of the following plays or poems written by William Shakespeare?

A

‘Hamlet’

169
Q

T/F

Charles I wanted the worship of the Church of England to include more ceremony and introduced a revised Prayer Book:

A

T

170
Q

What was the name of the project through which the atomic bomb was developed?

A

Manhattan project

US

171
Q

Who supported the Parliament during the Civil War that began in 1642?

A

the Roundheads

圓滑

civil war betw king + parliament in 1642
- Cavaliers supported king
- roundheads supported parliament

172
Q

When Henry VIII took the title ‘King of Ireland’, English laws were introduced. Who were expected to follow the instructions for the Lord Lieutenants in Dublin?

A

everyone including local leaders

173
Q

When was Lincoln Cathedral built?

A

medieval times

link = middle

174
Q

How old was Edward VI when he died?

51

A

15 yrs old

after just over 6 yrs of ruling
–> half-sister Mary became queen

175
Q

What area of Ireland did the English rule by 1200?

A

Pale, around Dublin

Dublin - capital of Ireland

176
Q

Who was Florence Nightingale?

A

a nurse who worked in military hospitals, treatings soldeiers who were fighting in the Crimean War

177
Q

Who was UK Prime Minister from 1945 - 1951?

A

Clement Attlee

led Labour for 20 yrs

178
Q

Was Queen Elizabeth I a Catholic or Protestant?

A

P

179
Q

When did King Edward I of England introduce the Statute of Rhuddlan by which Wales annexed to the Crown of England?

A

1284

Wales more obedient

180
Q

The settlements of Scottish and English Protestants in Ulster (the northern province of Ireland) during the reigns of Elizabeth I and James I, who took over the land from Catholic landholders is known as:

A

Plantations

181
Q

When did the ‘Habeas Corpus Act’ become law?

A

1679

182
Q

T/F

Churchill was the son of a politician and, before becoming a Conservative MP in 1900, was a soldier and journalist.

A

T

183
Q

Who built the Tower of London after becoming king in 1066?

A

William the Conqueror

184
Q

Who succeeded David Cameron as Prime Minister after the referendum on the UK’s membership of the European Union?

A

Theresa May

13/7/2016

185
Q

T/F

During the slave trade, slaves were taken from West Africa to America and the Caribbean to work on tobacco and sugar plantations:

A

T

186
Q

What Palace was a cast-iron and plate-glass building originally erected in Hyde Park, London, to house the Great Exhibition of 1851?

A

Crystal Palace

187
Q

When did the first Christian communities appear in Britain?

A

3rd + 4th centuries

188
Q

Who used a system of land ownership known as feudalism?

A

Normans

189
Q

When were the Houses of Parliament built?

A

19th cent

190
Q

Who was reining Britain when the British Empire became the largest empire the world has ever seen, with an estimated population of more than 400 million people?

A

Queen Victoria

British Empire - all of India, Australia, large part of Africa

191
Q

Where are the ancestors of the first farmers to arrive in Britain believed to come from?

A

SE Europe

SEE

192
Q

Who was Henry Purcell?

A

musician

cello

organist at Westminster Abbey, wrote church music + operas

193
Q

How long did the Romans stay in Britain?

A

400 yrs

194
Q

How old is the Elizabeth Tower (Big Ben)?

A

over 150

195
Q

T/F

Hadrian’s Wall is a popular UNESCO World Heritage Site:

A

T

196
Q

Where was Florence Nightingale born?

A

Italy

born to English parents in 1820

197
Q

What proportion of the population died because of the Black Death?

A

1/3

198
Q

Where did the supporters of Charles Edward Stuart come from?

‘Bonnie Prince Charlie’, grandson of James II

A

Highlands

clansmen from Scottish highlands
raised an army

199
Q

Who was the first Danish King?

A

Cnut also ‘Canute’

200
Q

What did the Romans introduce to Britain?

A

New plants and animals

Romans:
- built roads + public buildings
- created structure of law
- introduced new plants + animals

201
Q

Who set up the first formal anti-slavery campaigns?

A

The Quakers

in late 1700s, petitioned Parliament to ban slavery

202
Q

Who ordered to write the Book of Common Prayer?

A

Edward VI

  • son of Henry VIII
  • strongly Protestant
  • used by Church of England
203
Q

Who won the Wars of the Roses?

A

Huose of Lancaster

204
Q

Which clan was killed because of not taking an oath?

A

The MacDonalds of Glencoe

  • all Scottish clans required to take an oath, to formally accept William as king
205
Q

How long is the Bayeux Tapestry?

A

70m

biggest option

commemorates Battle of Hastings

206
Q

What is known as the Bessemer process?

A

prod of steel

207
Q

When did the Glorious Revolution happen?

A

1688

208
Q

Where did Charles II hide to escape from Cromwell’s army?

A

in an oak tree

escaped from Worcester, hid, fled to Europe

209
Q

What medal was introduced during the Crimean War?

A

Victoria Cross

210
Q

Why is it called ‘The Glorious Revolution’?

A

because there was no fighting

no fighting ∵ guaranteed power of Parliament, ending threat of monarch ruling on their own

211
Q

Which country(s) did Britain fight against during the Battle of Trafalgar?

A

Spain + France

1805

212
Q

What is the ‘King James’ Bible?

A

a new translation into English

  • known as ‘King James Version’ or Authorised Version’
  • x first English Bible, but version used by many Protestant Churches today
213
Q

Which country invented Cricket?

A

England

214
Q

Who designed the Cenotaph?

A

Sir Edwin Lutyens

designed many war memorials throughout th world

215
Q

Who lost a lot of their power after the Battle of Culloden in 1746?

A

the clans

216
Q

Which Scottish poet wrote ‘The Bruce’?

A

John Barbour

about the Battle of Bannockburn

217
Q

When did the English defeat the Spanish Armada?

A

1588

218
Q

When did the English Civil War begin?

A

1642

betw the Cavaliers + Roundheads

219
Q

Which party formed the government in 2010?

A

it was a coalition

220
Q

Who tried to arrest 5 parliamentary leaders from the House of Commons?

A

Charles I

went into House of Commons, tried to arrest them, but they had been warned so were not there –> 1642 English Civil War

221
Q

When did Scotland abolish the authority of the Pope?

A

1560

222
Q

Which of the following was one of the most famous battles of the Hundred Years War?
A. Battle of Agincourt
B. Battle of Banoockburn
C. Battle of Culloden
D. Battle of Waterloo

A

A. Agincourt

/ again

  • 1415
  • King Henry V’s vastly outnumbered English army defeated the French
  • English left France in 1450s
223
Q

T/F

The Reform Act of 1832 abolished the old pocket and rotten boroughs.

A

T

224
Q

When was the hovercraft invented?

A

1950s

225
Q

Who is known as William the Conqueror?

A

William, the Duke of Normandy

1066, an invasion led by William, the Duke of Normandy (in what is now northern France), defeated Harold, the Saxon king of England, at the Battle of Hastings.
Harold was killed in the battle.
William became king of England and is known as William the Conqueror.

226
Q

Where was Anne Boleyn, the wife of Henry VIII, executed?

A

Tower of London

Anne Boleyn was unpopular + was accused of taking lovers

227
Q

Which king was executed in 1649?

A

Charles I

228
Q

Who supported King Charles I during the Civil War?

A

Cavaliers

229
Q

When was England ruled by a republic and not by a monarch?

A

when Charles I was executed

England declared itself a republic, called the Commonwealth

230
Q

Who was given the title of Lord Protector?

A

Oliver Cromwell

  • when there was no king/ queen
  • established commonwealth
231
Q

Who came from the Netherlands to become the British monarch?

A

Charles II

232
Q

During the reigh of Charles II, parts of London were destroyed. What was the cause of this destruction?

A

A fire

1666

233
Q

William of Orange was asked by Protestants to invade England and proclaim himself king. But, when William reached England, there was no resistance and he took over the throne.
The event was later known as:

A

the Glorious Revolution

234
Q

Who built a wall in the north of England to keep out the Picts (ancestors of the Scottish ppl)?

A

Emperor Hadrian

235
Q

Which two of the following records give us information about England during the reign of William I?

A
  1. Domesday Book
  2. Bayeux Tapestry
236
Q

What English King introduced the Domesday Book?

A

William the Conqueror

  • list of all the towns and villages
  • also ppl who lived there, who owned the land, what animals they owned
237
Q

When was the Domesday Book written?

A

after the Norman conquest

238
Q

Which was the last successful foreign invasion of England that took place in 1066?

A

Norman Conquest

William the Conqueror came and had England

239
Q

Which historical monument did William the Conqueror build?

A

White Tower

240
Q

What did Sir Frank Whittle invent in the 1930s?

A

Jet engine

241
Q

Who wrote ‘The Daffodils’?

A

William Wordsworth

nature

242
Q

Women over the age of 30 were given the right to vote as a result of their contribution towards the war effort.
Which war was that?

A

WWI

243
Q

When did Ireland become a republic?

A

1949

244
Q

When was the Magna Carta created?

A

1215

earliest option

245
Q

Who was the first person in England to print books using a printing press?

A

William Caxton

246
Q

What did the Scottich John Logie Baird develop?

A

Television

name is cartoonic –> TV

247
Q

What is the name of the long war that English kings fought with France in the middle ages?

A

the Hundred Years War

even tho it lasted 116 yrs

248
Q

Who was supported by clansmanen from the Scottish highlands and raised an army in 1745?

A

Bonnie Prince Charlie

  • Charles Edward Stuart
  • Stuart king in place of George II, was grandson of James II
249
Q

Which country was invaded by Germany in 1939?

A

Poland

250
Q

What led the American colonies to want their independence from Britain?

A

British gov wanted to tax them

251
Q

During the Great Depression in the 1930s, which industry was badly affected?

A

shipbuilding

traditional heavy industries

252
Q

Who was the first man in the world to run 1 mile in under 4 minutes?

A

Sir Roger Bannister

run run run

1954

253
Q

What is known as the ‘Dunkirk Spirit’?

A

evacuation of allied soldiers from France during WWII

During WWII as France fell, the British decided to evacuate British and French soldiers from France in a huge naval operation. Many civilian volunteers in small pleasure and fishing boats from Britain helped the Navy to rescue more than 300,000 men from the beaches around Dunkirk.

254
Q

Who did Britain fight against in the Crimean War?

A

Russia

Britain fought w/ Turkey + France
(1st war to be extensively covered by media)

255
Q

Which war took place between 1899 and 1902 in South Africa?

A

the Boer War

256
Q

Which was a crucial aerial battle fought between Germany and Britain during WWII?

A

the Battle of Britain

257
Q

When was the United Nations set up?

A

after WWII (1945)

258
Q

In 1913, the British government promised ‘Home Rule’ for Ireland, why were changes in Ireland delayed until 1921?

A

∵ outbreak of WWI

259
Q

What is the name of Irish people who favoured complete independence from the UK in the 19th century?

A

Fenians

260
Q

Who was reigning in England when English settlers first began to colonise the eastern coast of America?

A

Elizabeth I

261
Q

In 1776, which British colonies declared their independence because they demanded that there should be ‘no taxation without representation’?

A

North American

262
Q

What led to WWI?

A

assassination of the Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria on 28 June 1914

263
Q

What is the name of the process by which many Scottish landlords destroyed individual small farms (known as ‘crofts’) to make space for large flocks of sheep and cattle?

A

the Highland Clearances

264
Q

Which two are Civil War Battles?

A
  1. Battle of Marston Moor
  2. Battle of Naseby

the other 2 options were actual wars

265
Q

What is the name of the movement against the authority of the Pope and the ideas of the Catholic Church that took place during the reign of Henry VIII?

A

the Reformation

266
Q

WWII started as a result of Germany invading which country?

A

Poland

  • 1939
  • Britain + France declared war to stop Hitler’s aggression
267
Q

How did the Government promote policies of free trade during the Victorian Age?

A

Abolishing a no. of taxes on imported goods

eg. revoking Corn Laws in 1846, which had prevented the import of cheap grain
–> cheap import of raw materials –> development of British industry

268
Q

During the Middle Ages, who were the serfs?

A

Peasants who had a small area of their lord’s agricultural land

269
Q

Between 1680 and 1720 many refugees called Huguenots came to England, which country did they come from?

A

France

270
Q

Who was William Wilberforce?

A

Politician

  • evangelical Christian + mem of Parliament
  • turned public opinion against slave trade, along w/ other abolitionists (ppl who supported abolition of slavery)
271
Q

Who was a famous Art Deco ceramic designer?

A

Clarice Cliff

272
Q

Who was a famous furniture designer?

A

Thomas Chippendale

273
Q

Who was a famous interior designer in the 20th century?

A

Sir Terence Conran

274
Q

Why were canals built during the Industrial Revolution?

A

to link factories to towns + cities + the ports

esp in new industrial areas in middle + N of England

275
Q

Which 2 languages were used across England during the Middle Ages?

A
  1. Norman French
  2. Anglo-Saxon

  • after Norman conquest, king + his noblemen spoke Norman French
  • peasants continued to speak Anglo-Saxon
276
Q

Which tribe came to Britain from northern Europe after the Romans left in AD 410?

A

The Jutes

Britain invaded by the Jutes, the Angles, the Saxons

277
Q

What food shortage caused the famine in Ireland?

A

potato

a million ppl died from disease + starvation

278
Q

What happened to Charles I after he was in prison?

A

he was executed

  • his army was defeated at the Battles of Marston Moor + Naseby –> was held prisoner by the parliamentary army
  • unwilling to reach agreement w/ Parliament –> executed in 1649
279
Q

What country was in conflict with the UK for trading reasons during the 18th century?

A

France

∵ France was expanding + trading in ~ way in many of the same areas of the world

280
Q

Where was William the Conqueror from?

A

France

Duke of Normandy (now nothern France)
(defeated Harold, Saxon king of England, at Battle of Hastings 1066)

281
Q

Who was invited to invade + rule England in 1688?

A

William of Orange

invited by important Protestants in England to invade England + proclaim himself king

282
Q

Who was defeated at the Battle of the Boyne?

A

James II

by William of Orange, in Ireland 1690

283
Q

What did the Factories Act of 1847 introduce?

A

limited the no. of hours that women and children could work to 10hrs per day

Life in the UK (5 decks)

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