Ch.3 Health, Wellness, and Health Disparities Flashcards
What is Acute vs. Chronic illness?
• Acute – short term, less than 3 months
• Chronic – long term, more than 3 months.
What are the effects of illness on families?
• Think about role change & stress (scared, self blame).
• Overprotection, severe anxiety.
• Frightened & alone.
What are the definitions of illness through the 4 stages?
• Stage 1: Experiencing Symptoms (sniffles, back hurts).
• Stage 2: Assuming Sick Role (CVS, Doctor, Urgent Care).
• Stage 3: Assuming Dependent Role (fatigue, getting medication).
• Stage 4: Achieving recovery & rehab (feeling better but not fully).
What is the primary, secondary, and tertiary health prevention, definitions and examples?
• Primary – promotes health & prevention (nothing wrong; getting a vaccine, diet, covid).
• Secondery – Focusing on early detection & treatment (physical, dental)
• Tertitary – Already diagnosed. Goal is to reduce disability & rehabilitate ( have a diagnosis, game plan to treat).
What are the models of Health Promotion and Illness prevention?
• Health Belief Model
• Health Promotion Model
• Revised Health Promotion Model
• Health Illness Continuum
• Stages of Change Model
What is the Health Belief?
health decision making, when to seek care.
o Focus on susceptibility, seriousness, benefits of action.
What is the Health Promotion Model?
how people intercact with their environment as they persue health.
What is the Revised Health Model?
o Activity – related affects.
o Commitment to a plan of action.
o Competing demands.
- Subjective – what pt. says.
- Objective – what we can see (x-rays, MRI, vitals sigs).
What is the Health Illness continuum?
you’re not stuck getting sick, you can get better.
o Death <- illness <- Normal Health -> Good Health -> High-level Wellbeing
What is the stages of change model?
o Addiction Medicine.
o Denial don’t think they have a problem.
o Action: going forward with change.
What are the health disparities and barriers to healthcare?
• Health equity – everyone has access to conditions needed to thrive.
• Health disparity – a health difference that is linked with a social, economic, and/or environmental disadvantage (impacts how healthcare is recieved).
• Inclusion – everyone feeling they belong/ have a purpose.
• Implicit Bias – unconscious assumptions (conivict as a pt.).
What are the human dimensions of health?
• Physical – genetic inheritance, age, race, gender, development.
• Emotional – how mind affects body.
• Intellectual – past experience/ educational background.
• Environmental – housing, sanitation climate.
• Sociocultural – economic level, lifestyle, culture.
• Spiritual – spiritual beliefs & values.
Which is an example of an acute illness?
A. Diabetes
B. Rheumatoid arthritis
C. Pneumonia
D. Osteoporosis
Answer: C. Pneumonia
Rationale: Pneumonia is an acute illness that has a rapid onset of symptoms and lasts only a relatively short time. Diabetes, rheumatoid arthritis, and osteoporosis are chronic illnesses that cause a permanent change, require special patient education for rehabilitation, and require a long period of care or support.
True or False: A person who is experiencing a productive cough and fever takes a sick day to recuperate and decide whether to make an appointment with the doctor. This person is said to be in stage 3 of illness behavior: assuming a dependent role.
A. True
B. False
Answer: B. False
Rationale: A person who defines oneself as sick and self-medicates or visits a doctor is said to be in stage 2 of illness behavior: assuming the sick role.
True or False: A person who keeps in touch with neighbors in an attempt to foster a “community feeling” is promoting one’s emotional human dimension.
A. True
B. False
Answer: B. False
Rationale: A person who keeps in touch with neighbors in an attempt to foster a “community feeling” is promoting one’s sociocultural human dimension.
What is an example of a nursing activity that promotes secondary prevention as a level of preventive care?
A. Conducting a smoking cessation class
B. Performing a blood pressure screening at a local mall
C. Performing range-of-motion exercises on a bedridden patient
D. Promoting safer sex practices in school settings
Answer: B. Performing a blood pressure screening at a local mall
Rationale: Secondary preventive care focuses on early detection of disease, such as heart disease in this example. Primary preventive care is directed toward promoting health and preventing diseases. Tertiary care begins after an illness is diagnosed to reduce disability and rehabilitate patients.
Which model of health and illness views health as a constantly changing state, with high-level wellness and death being on opposite ends of a graduated scale?
A. Agent–host–environment model
B. Health–illness continuum
C. Health promotion model
D. Health belief model
Answer: B. Health–illness continuum
