ch3: geology of the ocean Flashcards
it has been proposed that the first living organisms were:
heterotrophs
the first heterotrophs obtained their energy from:
chemicals
a body of salt water that is more or less landlocked is called:
sea
the thickest of earths physical layers is the:
mantle
the region of the mantle below the crust is called:
asthenosphere
the solid region of crust and upper mantle is called:
lithosphere
the forces of the mantle acting on the crust give way to:
continental drift
pangea, the name given to the super continent that existed before continental drift, was coined by:
alfred wegner
when pangea first broke up it formed:
laurasia and gondwanaland
the two
continents that suggest continental drift are:
South America and Africa
The first person to describe the mechanism of seafloor spreading by which continents drifted apart from one another was:
Harry Hess
where oceanic crust is cracked and magma is a merging we find:
mid ocean ridges
seafloor spreading is the result of:
lateral movement of the crust
A region where old oceanic crust is being destroyed is called:
subduction zone
evidence of four theories of continental drift are:
fossils, mountain ranges, coal, & glacier marks
lithosphere plates move past each other at regions known as:
faults
The special kind of faults along where ocean plates are moving laterally away from each other is called:
transform
mid ocean ridges form:
where oceanic crust is cracked and magma is emerging
in 1977 Dr. Robert Ballard and JF Grassel discovered:
rift communities
The area directly below the neritic zone is called:
Continental margin
The area beyond the neritic zone is called:
Ocean basin
The transition between the continental shelf in the deep ocean floor is called:
Continental slope
The continental rise is composed of sediments deposited from:
underwater landslides
Island arcs are associated with:
deep-sea trenches
The deepest underwater trench in the world is the colon
Marianas trench
I sand moves rapidly down a continental slope I can lead to:
turbidity currents
at the base of the steep continental slope a gentle slope is called:
The continental rise
A flat expanse of an ocean basin is called:
abyssal plain
dotting the abyssal plain are abyssal hills that rise up to a height of:
1000 meters
seamounts are formed from:
underwater volcanoes
sediments that are formed from seawater as a result of variety of chemical processes are called:
hydrogenous
and ooze is called and ooze if it is composed of ________% or more of biogenous sediments
30%
mud is composed of:
Clay and silt
The reference or primary line of longitude is:
The Greenwich meridian
a chronometer is used for:
measuring time
The source of the water that formed the Earth’s oceans was:
water vapor escaping from the interior of the planet
The worlds ocean covers _______% of the earths surface
70.8%
how many years ago did the solar system form
5 billion years ago
