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MCAT General Chem > Ch3: CHEMISTRY FUNDAMENTALS > Flashcards

Ch3: CHEMISTRY FUNDAMENTALS Flashcards

1
Q

What does a mole measure? What is its abbreviation?

A

Amount of substance

mol

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2
Q

What does an ampere measure? What is its abbreviation?

A

Electric current

A

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3
Q

What are the six SI base units?

A

Meter (m)
Kilogram (kg)
Second (s)
Mole (mol)
Kelvin (K)
Ampere (A)

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4
Q

What do prefix symbols m and M represent ?

A

Milli and Mega

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5
Q

1000L = ___ m³

A

1

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6
Q

1L = ___cm³

A

1000

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7
Q

1mL = ___ cm³= ___ cc

A

1 and 1

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8
Q

What is an angstrom? what is its abbreviation? What does it measure?

A

abbreviated Å
Measures length
Unit of length equal to 10^ -10m

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9
Q

What is an order of magnitude?

A

An order of magnitude is an approximation of of the logarithm of a value relative to some contextually understood reference value.

Often is the power of 10 a number is raised to when its in scientific notation

for ex. the order of magnitude for 19, 400 would be 4

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10
Q

Density equation

A

Density= Mass/ Volume

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11
Q

What are the units of density?

A

Most often kg/m³
In chemistry its more often g/cm³

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12
Q

kg/m³ —–> g/cm³

A

divide by 1000

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13
Q

g/cm³ —–> kg/m³

A

Multiply by 1000

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14
Q

Define molecule

A

When two or more atoms form a covalen bond

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15
Q

Molecular formula

A

A compounds molecular formula gives the identities and numbers of the atoms in the molecule

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16
Q

Empirical Formula

A

A formula for a compound in which the number of atoms in each element in the compound are represented by the lowest whole number ratio

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17
Q

What is the empirical formula for C2H6O2?

18
Q

Formula/ molecular weight. Whats the difference.

A

Formula weight: Sum of atomic weights of all the atoms in the molecule

Molecular weight typically used when a compound exists as discrete molecules

19
Q

Atomic mass unit

A

amu
Is the atomic mass that is listed for each element on the periodic table

20
Q

What is a mole? What is the number that represents a mole?

A

A particular number of things

mole= 6.02 x 10²³ entities

This is avogadros number

21
Q

If an atom of sodium has a mass of 23 amu, 1 mole of sodium atoms has a mass of ___g

22
Q

Whats the formula/ what are the steps for calculating the percentage composition by mass in a compound?

A

Calculate the total molecular weight of the compound

Calculate the weight of each element to see their contribution to the total mass in g

% of the element= Mass of the element / Total mass of compound

23
Q

Which contains more formula units; a 1-mole sample of potassium dichromate or a 1 mole sample of lead azide?

A

Trick question, both samples contain the same number of formula units, namely 1 mole of them

24
Q

How would you mathematically approach this question?

What is the empirical formula of a compound that is, by mass, 90% Carbon and 10% Hydrogen?

A

Assume the compound is 100g. 90g carbon, 10g hydrogen

Calculate the number of moles of Carbon if there are 90g of Carbon, and 1 mole of Carbon is 12 g/mol.
#moles of C: 90g / 12g/mol

               #moles of H:    10g      /      1g/mol

Perform ratio of amount of C to amount of H

15/2 / 10 = 15/20 = 3/4

Thus C3H4

25
Q

What is Molarity (M)?

Whats the formula?

A

The concentration of a solution in terms of moles of solute per volume (in Litres) of solution

Molarity (M)= #moles of substance S / total # moles in
solution

26
Q

What is mole fraction?

Formula?

A

The fraction of moles of a given substance (S). So finding it for just one element in a compound

Mole Fraction of S = Xs = #moles of substance S
———————————–
total # moles in a solution

27
Q

Law of conservation of Mass (Matter)

A

The amount of matter (and thus mass) does not change in a chemical reaction

Demonstrated by balanced equations: for every element represented the number of atoms on the left side of the arrow is equal to the number of atoms on the right side

28
Q

Stoichiometric coefficients

A

Coefficients preceding each compound depicting in what proportion the reactants react and in what proportion the products are formed

29
Q

Molecular formula for Ammonia

30
Q

Molecular Formula for Hydronium

31
Q

Molecular formula for Acetate

32
Q

Molecular formula for Bicarbonate

33
Q

Cyanide

34
Q

Molecular formula for Hydroxide

35
Q

Molecular formula for Nitrate

36
Q

Molecular formula for Nitrite

37
Q

Molecular formula for Perchlorate

38
Q

Molecular formula for Carbonate

39
Q

Molecular formula for Sulfate

40
Q

Molecular formula for Sulfite

41
Q

Molecular formula for Phosphate

MCAT General Chem (2 decks)

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