Ch.3 & 4 Matter and Chemical Foundations: Elements, Atoms, ions

Question 1

what is a substance with unique physical and chemical properties that CANNOT be broken down into other substances by chemical method?

Answer 1

element

Question 1

what are pure substance that are either elements or combinations of elements called?

Answer 1

compounds

Question 2

what is dalton atomic theory?

Answer 2

1. elements are made of tiny particles atoms

2.All atoms of a given element are identical

3.The atoms of a given element are different from those of any other element

4.Atoms of one element can combine with atoms of other elements to form compounds.

5.Atoms are indivisible in chemical processes.Atoms are not created or destroyed in chemical reactions.

Question 3

what expresses the types of atoms and the number of each type in each molecule or each unit of a given compound?

Answer 3

Chemical formulas

Question 4

What did Joseph J Thomson discover?

Answer 4

Electron

Question 5

who discovered the charge and mass of the electron ?

Answer 5

Robert A. Millikan and Harvey Fletcher

Question 6

Who explained in 1911 that atoms consist of a tiny massive positively charged nucleus surrounded by negatively charged electrons?

Answer 6

Ernest Rutherford

Question 7

who discovered the neutron?

Answer 7

James Chadwick

Question 8

what is the equation for isotopes?

Answer 8

A= atomic numbers + neutrons

Question 9

what does these characteristics describe?

1. efficient conduction of heat and electricity

2.malleability(they can be hammered onto thin sheets)

3.Ductility(they can be pulled into wires)

4.A lustrous (shiny) appearance

5.Tend to lose electrons when they undergo chemical changes

Answer 9

Metal

Question 10

what are the characterstics of non-metals?

Answer 10

1.Lack properties of metals

2.Exhibit much variation in properties

3.Can be gases, liquids, or solids

4.Solids are brittle

5.Tend to GAIN electrons in chemical changes

Question 11

what are the characteristics of metalloids?

Answer 11

exhibit a mixture of metallic and non metallic properties

Question 12

what is a molecule?

Answer 12

is an independent structural unit consisting of two or more atoms that are chemically bound together

Question 13

what is diatomic elements?

Answer 13

gaseous nonmetals

Question 14

what is polyatomic element ?

Answer 14

solid non-metals

Question 15

how can atoms form ions?

Answer 15

by gaining or losing electrons

Question 16

what are metals cation or anion?

Answer 16

cations

Question 17

what are non-metals anions or cations?

Answer 17

anions

Question 18

what do metals in groups 1A form?

Answer 18

1+ cations

Question 19

what do metals in groups 2A form?

Answer 19

2+ cations

Question 20

what do metals in groups 3A form?

Answer 20

3+ cations

Question 21

The charge number of many of the simple anions is equal to what?

Answer 21

to group number minus 8