CH3 Flashcards
Structure of phospholipid molecule
A Polar Head ; Hydrophilic
Non-Polar Tail ; Hydrophobic
2 Types and function of carbohydrate chain in plasma membrane
Glycoprotein
Glycolipid
Act as a receptor to hormones
Stabilise plasma membrane by forming hydrogen bond with water
Act as antigen for cell indentification
Functions of cholesterol molecule between phospholipid bilayer
make the phospholipid bilayer stronger, less permeable to water-soluble substances, more flexible
Definition and molecule that undergoes simple diffusion
Movement of molecules or ions from area of high concentration to area of low concentration
Lipid soluble molecules
Oxygen & Carbon Dioxide
Definition and molecule that undergoes Osmosis
Net movement of water molecules form high water potential area to low water potential area through a selectively permeable membrane
Water molecules
4 Process of facilitated diffusion and substances that undergoes
- Extracellular concentration > intracellular concentration// in cytoplasm
- Molecule bind with specific site of carrier proteins
- Carrier protein change shape to allow molecule to pass through the carrier protein into the cell
- Carrier protein return to their original shape
Glucose, amino acid, Fructose
8 Processes of Active Transport (K+ and Na+ ion)
Na+ ions bind to the carrier protein
ATP molecules decomposes into ADP molecules and Phosphate.
Phosphate is bound to the carrier protein and provide energy to the carrier protein.
Carrier protein changes shape and Na+ ions is transported through the carrier protein
K+ ions bind with carrier protein
Phosphate group leaves the carrier protein
Loss of phosphate group restore original shape of carrier protein
K+ ion is transported trough carrier protein into the cells
Effect of Hypotonic solution to Erythrocytes
Water diffuses into the cell by osmosis
Haemolysis
Cell swell and burst as plasma membrane is too thin to withstand osmotic pressure built up in the cell
Effect of Hypertonic solution to Erythrocytes
Water diffuses out of the cell by osmosis
Crenation
Cell shrink
Effect of Isotonic solution to Erythrocytes
No net movement of water molecule
Cells maintain the original shape
Effect of hypotonic solution to plant cell
Water diffused into the vacuole by osmosis
Vacuole expand and push cytoplasm and plasma membrane against cell wall
Cells are turgid
Effect of hypertonic solution to plant cells
Water diffuses out of the vacuole by osmosis
Vacuole and cytoplasm shrink, plasma membrane is pulled away from the cell wall
Plasmolysis
Effect of isotonic solution to plant cells
No Net movement of water molecules between cell and surrounding
Cell becomes flaccid
