Ch.3 Flashcards by natalie larson

Absolute Refractory Period

short time following an action potential where an ion channel is unable to respond again

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Action Potential

The action signal that passes along the Axon and causes a release of chemicals from the terminals

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All or none principle

If a neuron is going to fire, it’s going to fire

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central nervous system (CNS)

Brain and spinal Cord

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Perephial Nervous System

All other nerves in the body

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amygdala

Brain structure that plays a vital role in learning to associate things with emotional responses and processing emotional information.

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Automic Nervous system

part of perephial nervous system that goes between the central nervous system and organs

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Axon

Connects cell body to the terminal buttons

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basil ganglia

system important for planning and production of movement

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Brain stem

survival: heart rate, swallowing, breathing and urination

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brocas area

small front left area associated with language

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Cell Body

in the middle of the dendrite that houses all of the nerons info

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Central nervous system

Brain and spinal cord

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Cerebellum

back of brain stem, coordinates movement and balance

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Cerebral cortext

Outermost layer of the brain, houses thoughts perceptions and complex behaviors.

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Chromosomes

made up of dna with genes

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corpus collasum

connects hemisperes of the brain and allows them to interact with each other

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dendrites

branch things that connect and receive info from other neurons

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Dizygotic twins

twins with not identical dna, fraternal

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Dominate gene

King gene

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EEG

Measures electrical activity in the brain

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endocrine system

communication that uses hormones to affect behaviors and actions

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Frontal lobe

Front, for movement and higher level psych processes

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fMRI

Measures change in human brain based off of blood oxygen levels

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Gene Expression

When a gene is turned on or off

genes

determain charecteristics

Genotype

Genetic makeup of an organism

Hereditary

Genes from parents to offspring

Heritability

Odds of passing what genes to offspring

Hippocampus

formation of memories

Hormones

Released from endocrine glands

Hypothalamus

regulation of body functions, helps maintain homeostasis. Management

Insula

part of cerebral cortex. taste pain empathy and perception of bodily states

MRI

Brain imaging that takes high quality pictures of the brain

Monozygotic twins

Identical twins

Myelin sheith

Protects and insulates axons to transmit electrical impulses

Neurons

basic units of the neuron system

Neurotransmitters

transmits signals from on neuron to the other

Nodes of ranvier

exposed axon where there is no myelin sheath where action potential takes place.

occipital lobes

Regions of cerebral cortex, back of brain for vision

Parasympathetic division

part of autonomic used to calm body down and bring back to homeostasis

Parietal lobes

important for sense of touch and attention to the enviornment

Peripheral nervous system

includes somatic and autonomic nervous systems

Phenotype

Observable charecteristics

Pituitary gland

at base of hypothalamus, controls release of hormones

Plasticity

Allows brain to change as a result of injury of experience

PET

Brain imaging by sending a radioactive substance injected into the bloodstream

Prefrontal Cortex

Frontmost of the brain responsible for decision making, appropriate social behavior and personality

Receptors

specialized protein molecule on the post somatic membrane. Neurotransmitters bind to them after passing across the synapse

Recessive gene

Only shown when with the same gene

Relative refractory period

Brief time after a neuron fires where the neurons firing potential is more negative, making it harder to fire again

Resting membrane potential

electric charge of an ion when it is not active

Reuptake

process in where a neurotransmitter is taken back and thereby stopping it's activity

somatic nervous system

part of the perephial nervous system. transmits sensory and motor signals ; skin muscles and joints

Split brain

When corpus colosseum is cut making the left and right hemispheres unable to communicate with each other

Sympathetic division

atomic nervous system, prepares body for an action

Synapse

Space between firing or not firing neurons before the info hits the dendrites

Synapse

Space between firing or not firing neurons before the info hits the dendrites

temporal lobes

Important for processing auditory info, memory, and object and face perception

Terminal Buttons

End of axon that sends info into the synapse to the next neruon

Thalamus

Gateway to the brain, everything stops here before the information even reaches the cortex

TMS

Use of strong magnets to briefly interrupt normal brain movements to study brain activity