CH2601 Carbonyl Chemistry Reactions

Question 1

Hydration of aldehydes/ketones

Answer 1

Forms two OH groups.

Uses water.

Question 2

Hemiacetal formation.

Answer 2

Forms a hemiacetal (one OH group and one OR group).

Can be base or acid catalysed but acid catalysed forms an acetal and base catalyses stops at a hemiacetal.

Question 3

Spiroacetals

Answer 3

Forms from intramolecular reaction when two OH groups and a C=O group present.
Uses acid catalysis.

Question 4

Formation of imines

Answer 4

Uses Ph-NH2. Forms an immine (C=N group).

Question 5

Hydroylsis of imines

Answer 5

Uses water and removed C=N group to corm C=O group.

Question 6

Enamine Formation

Answer 6

Forms an enamine (NC3 bond).

Uses NHR2.

Question 7

Cyanohydrins

Answer 7

Adds a C///N group onto a carbonyl and forms OH group at the same time.
Uses -CN and acid catalysis to protonate O.

Question 8

Aminonitriles

Answer 8

Adds NH2 and C//N group onto aldehyde/ketone (removing O).

Question 9

Reduction of C=O group.

Answer 9

Reduced to alcohol.

Uses NaBH4.

Question 10

Grignard reagents

Answer 10

-C-C-C-C-Br —-Mg and THF—-> -C-C-C-C-MgBr

Question 11

Addition of organometallics

Answer 11

Adds R chain and forms OH group from carbonyl.

Question 12

Conjugate addition of amines

Answer 12

An amine undergoes 1,4 conjugate addition with an alpha, beta- unsaturated carbonyl compound.

Question 13

Conjugate addition of alcohols

Answer 13

Can be done under acidic or basic conditions.

Question 14

Epoxidation of alpha, beta- unsaturated carbonyl compound

Answer 14

Uses (-)O-OH to form an epoxide ring across the C=C double bond.

Question 15

Conjugate substitution reactions

Answer 15

Occur when there is a LG (halogen) on the end of an alpha, beta- unsaturated carbonyl compound.

Question 16

E1cb Elimination

Answer 16

Removes halogen (LG) and replaces it with a nucleophile.