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HST 203 > Ch.26-28 > Flashcards

Ch.26-28 Flashcards

1
Q

Affirmative Action

A

Policy effort to promote greater employment opportunities for minorities

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2
Q

Busing

A

The means of transporting students via buses during the 1970s to achieve school integration

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3
Q

Reverse Discrimination

A

The belief that affirmative action programs discriminate against white people

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4
Q

Title IX

A

A part of the Educational Amendments Act that banned gender discrimination in higher education

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5
Q

Strategic Arms Limitation Talk

A

1972 talks between President Nixon and Secretary Brezhen resulted in the Strategic Arms Limitations Treaty (or SALT), which limited the number of nuclear warheads each nation could possess, and prohibited the development of missile defense systems.

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6
Q

detente

A

A period of improving relations between the US and communist nations, particularly China and the USSR during the Nixon presidency.

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7
Q

My Lai Massacre

A

Massacre of 347 Vietnamese civilians in the village of My Lai by Lieutenant William Calley and troops under his command. US army officers covered up the massacre for a year until an investigation uncovered the events. Eventually, 25 army officers were charged with complicity in the massacre and its cover-up, but only Calley was convicted. He served little time for his crimes.

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8
Q

Pentagon Papers

A

Informal name for the defense department secret history of the Vietnam war; leaked to the press by former official Daniel Ellsberg and published in the NY Times in 1971

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9
Q

War Powers Act

A

Law passed in 1973 in response to the growing opposition to the Vietnam war, required congressional approval before the US sends troops abroad.

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10
Q

Vietnam Syndrome

A

The belief that the US should be extremely cautious when deploying its military forces overseas, this mentality emerged after the Vietnam war

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11
Q

Watergate

A

A Washington apartment and office complex that lent its name to the 1972-74 nixon administration scandal, when Nixons knowledge of the break-in and cover up were revealed, he resigned under threat of impeachment

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12
Q

Oil Embargo

A

Prohibition of trade of oil declared by the Organization of Pertroleum exporting countries (OPEC), dominated my middle eastern producers, in 1973 in response to the US and European support of Israel during the Yom Kippur war (‘73). The rise in gas prices and in fuel shortages caused a global recession and greatly impacted the US economy.

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13
Q

Stagflation

A

A combination of stagnant economic growth and high inflation during the 1970’s.

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14
Q

Deindustrialization

A

A term describing the decline of manufacturing in old old industrial areas in the 20th century as companies shifted manufacturing to low-wage centers in the South or West, or in other countries.

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15
Q

Sunbelt

A

A label for an arc that stretched between the Carolinas and California, much of the urban population growth occured in this area during the postwar era

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16
Q

Helsinki Accords

A

A 1975 agreement between the USSR and the US that stated that the countries would respect the postwar boundries set and guaranteed basic liberties for their citizens

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17
Q

Deregulation

A

Legislation during the Regan-Clinton era the removed many regulations in industries such as air travel and finance

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18
Q

Three Mile Island

A

Nuclear power plant near Harrisburg PA, home of the 1979 accident that released Nuclear stem into the air. Publics reaction ended the expansion of the Nuclear Power Industry as a whole.

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19
Q

Camp David Accords

A

Peace Agreements between the leaders of Israel and Egypt in 1978 brokered by President Jimmy Carter

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20
Q

Neoconservatives

A

The leaders of the conservative insurgency of the 1980s. Their brand of conservativism was personified by Reagan, with bleiefs in less government, supply side economics and “Family Values”.

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21
Q

Reagan Revolution

A

The rightward turn in politics following the 1980 election of Reagan. The Reagan Revolution made individual “freedom” a rallying call for the right.

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22
Q

Reaganomics

A

“Supply Side” economics, popular with Reagan, combined tax cuts with an unregulated marketplace.

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23
Q

Iran-Contra Affair

A

Scandal of the second Reagan administration involving the sale of arms to Iran for the partial release of hostages in Lebannon and the use of the arms money to aid the Contras in Nicaragua, which had been expressively forbidden by congress.

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24
Q

New World Order

A

President H. W Bush’s term for a post cold war world

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25
Q

Gulf War

A

Military action in 1991, lead by the US, which drove Iraq out of Kuwait, which they had been occupying for a year

26
Q

“Don’t ask, Don’t tell”

A

President Clintons compromise measure to allow gay people to serve in the military incognito, officers could ask about thier sexuality as to dismiss them, but members of the lbgtq community could not openly express their identity, this was later ended by Obama when gay military involvement was allowed.

27
Q

North America Free Trade Agreement

A

Approved in 1993, allowed trade between the US, Mexico and Canada to commence without tarriffs, critics argued that Americans would lose their jobs to cheaper labor in Mexioc.

28
Q

Contract with America

A

A list of conservatives’ promises in response to the supposed liberalism of the Clinton administration, which was drafted by speaker of the house Newt G. and other congressional Republicans as the GOP platform for the 1994 midterms. It was more of a tactical campaign instead of a practical one, as few of its propsed items ever became law

29
Q

Oslo Accords

A

A 1993 roadmap for peace between Israel and Palestine, negotiated under the Clinton administration

30
Q

Rwandan Genocide

A

1994 genocide conducted by the Hutu majority in the Tutsi minority in Rwanda.

31
Q

Ethnic Clensing

A

The systematic removal of an ethnic group through violence or itimitation in order to create a homogenious society

32
Q

Balkan crisis

A

A series of ethnic and political crisis’ emerging after the dissolution of Yugoslavia in the 1990s. Many atrocities were committed during the crisis, the US, UN and NATO had to get involved multiple times.

33
Q

Globalization

A

Term became popular in the 1990s to describe the rapid acceleration of international flows of commerce, finacial resources, labor and cultural products.

34
Q

Americans with Disbilities Act

A

1990 law that prohibited the discrimination of disabled persons in both the hiring and promotions process. Required accecible entrances to all public buildings.

35
Q

Multiculturalism

A

A term that became prominnent in the 1990s to describe the growing emphasis on group racial and ethnic identity, and the demand that jobs, politics and education reflects this diversity

36
Q

Culture Wars

A

Battles over moral values that occured during the 1990s. The culture wars touched many areas of American life, from popular culture to academia. This includes the nuclear family and the teaching of evolution.

37
Q

Defense of Marriage Act

A

1996 law that barred gay couples from federal benefits, overturned in 2013

38
Q

Family Values

A

Set of belief usually associated with conservatives, stressed the superiority of the nuclear family, heterosexual marriages and traditional gender roles.

39
Q

Bush v Gore

A

US Superme Court case that decided the winner of the disputed 2000 presidential election

40
Q

Bush Doctrine

A

President George W Bush’s foreign policy in which the US would launch a war on terroism

41
Q

war on terroism

A

Global crusade to root out anti-american, anti-western islamic terroist cells; launched by president George W Bush as a response to the 9/11 attacks

42
Q

war in Afghanistan

A

War fought against the Taliban and Al Qaeda after the 9/11 terroist attacks, the longest war in US history

43
Q

Iraq war

A

Military campaign in 2003 in which the US, unable to gain approval from the UN, unilateraly occupied Iraq and removed dictator Saddam Hussein from power

44
Q

USA Patriot Act

A

A 2001 mammoth bill that conferred unprecedented powers on law-enforcement agencies charged with preventing domestic terroism, including the power to wiretap, see private messages and spy on US citizens.

45
Q

Guantanamo Bay

A

A detention center at the US naval base at Guatanamo bay, Cuba where starting in 2002 suspected terroists and war prisoners were held indefinetely and tried by extrajudicial military tribunals. During his 2008 presidential campaign , Obama pledged to close the prison , but as of 2015 it remained open.

46
Q

Huricane Katrina

A

2005 hurricane that devestated much of the gulf coast, especially New Orleans. The Bush Administrations response was widely criticized as being inadequate. 1,833 people were killed.

47
Q

Obergefell v Hodges

A

2015 SC decision that allowed same-sex couple to marry throught the US

48
Q

Great Recession

A

A period of major economic stagnation across the US and western Europe, characterized by rising inflation and unemployment, a 37% decline in the stock market between march and december 1974

49
Q

Sonia Sotomayor

A

1st SC judge of hispanic decent. Appointed by Obama in 2009.

50
Q

Gulf oil Spill

A

Environmental disaster that occured in 2010 after an explosion on the deepwater Horizon oil rig. Hundreds of millions of gallons of oil were spilled into the gulf of Mexico, resulting on one of the biggest environmental calamities of all time.

51
Q

Occupy Wall Street

A

A grassroot movement started in 2011 against growing economic inequality, declining oppurtunity and the depredants of Wall Street Banks

52
Q

BLM

A

Civil Rights Movement sparket by a series of incidents of police brutality and lethal force against poc

53
Q

ISIS

A

An insurgency that emerged from the sectarian civil wars that destabilized Syria and post- Saddam Hussein Iraq. Beginning in 2014 ISIS forces attacked towns in Iraq, Syria and Libya, systematically murdering people of ethnic and religous minorities

54
Q

Edward Snowden

A

An NSA contractor turned whistleblower, who released classified information relating to the US intelligence gathering both at home and abroad

55
Q

Tea Party

A

A grassroots Republican organization that emerged in 2009 named after the Boston Tea Party of the 1700s. The party opposed Obamas sweeping legislative enactments and advocated for a more stringent immigration policy

56
Q

Paris Agreement

A

2016 agreement within the UN framework convention on climate change concerned with mitgating greenhouse gas emissions

57
Q

Women’s march

A

International protest on Jan.21st 2017 for womend rights, LBGT rights, gender quality and racial equality following the inaguaration on Donald Trump. It was the biggest single day protest in US history.

58
Q

Me Too Movement

A

Social Movement founded in 2006 by Tarana Burke to help survivors of sexual violence and oppose sexual harassment and assault, particularly in the work place. In October 2017 it went viral on social media with #MeToo.

59
Q

American exceptionalism

A

The belief that the US has a special mission to serve as a refuge from tyranny, a symbol of freedom , and a model for the rest of the world.

60
Q

March for our Lives

A

Student-led protest on March 24th, 2018, against gun violence and for gun control legislation in the US.

HST 203 (1 decks)

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