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ANP1107 > CH.24 Part 2 > Flashcards

CH.24 Part 2 Flashcards

1
Q

What type of feedback system regulates the secretion of thyroid hormone?
a) Positive feedback
b) Negative feedback
c) Neutral feedback
d) Amplifying feedback

A

b) Negative feedback. The regulation of thyroid hormone secretion operates on a classical negative feedback system, where rising thyroid hormone levels inhibit further secretion

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2
Q

What initially stimulates the production of thyroid hormone?
a) Thyroxine (T4)
b) Triiodothyronine (T3)
c) Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH)
d) Thyrotropin releasing hormone (TRH)

A

c) Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH). TSH, secreted by the anterior pituitary gland, initially stimulates the production of thyroid hormone.

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3
Q

How does thyroid hormone feedback inhibit further secretion?
a) By inhibiting the release of thyroxine (T4)
b) By increasing TSH secretion
c) By inhibiting TSH and TRH secretion
d) By promoting TRH synthesis

A

c) By inhibiting TSH and TRH secretion. Thyroid hormone feedback inhibits further secretion by inhibiting both TSH secretion by the anterior pituitary and TRH secretion by the hypothalamus.

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4
Q

Under what conditions may the inhibitory feedback at the level of the hypothalamus be overridden?
a) During starvation
b) During dehydration
c) During pregnancy and prolonged cold exposure
d) During exercise

A

c) During pregnancy and prolonged cold exposure. Some conditions, such as pregnancy and prolonged cold exposure, may override the inhibitory feedback at the level of the hypothalamus, leading to increased TRH secretion and subsequent elevation of thyroid hormone levels to increase metabolism and heat production.

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5
Q

Which of the following organs is not affected by thyroid hormone (TH)?
a) Spleen
b) Liver
c) Thyroid gland
d) Uterus

A

c) Thyroid gland.
d) Uterus

affects essentially every cell of the body except the thyroid gland itself, along with the adult brain, spleen, testes, and uterus.

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6
Q

What is one of the major functions of thyroid hormone?
a) Regulating blood sugar levels
b) Stimulating insulin production
c) Maintaining blood pressure
d) Regulating basal metabolic rate/body heat production

A

d) Regulating basal metabolic rate/body heat production. Thyroid hormone plays a major role in regulating the basal metabolic rate and body heat production, known as the calorigenic effect.

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7
Q

How does thyroid hormone contribute to maintaining blood pressure?
a) By regulating blood sugar levels
b) By stimulating insulin production
c) By regulating adrenergic receptor number
d) By promoting cholesterol synthesis

A

c) By regulating adrenergic receptor number

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8
Q

In addition to skeletal and nervous system development, what else does thyroid hormone regulate?
a) Blood clotting
b) Immune response
c) Digestion
d) Reproduction

A

d) Reproduction. Thyroid hormone plays a role in regulating tissue growth and development, including skeletal and nervous system development, maturation, and reproduction.

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9
Q

What is TMR

A

total kcals spent

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10
Q

food ingestion impact on TMR (FIT and fasting)

A

food-induced thermogenesis: energy needed to digest food
- higher in protein because of activation in liver

fasting/low intake: decrease in metabolic rate & slower break down of food.

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11
Q

how high can heat production by skeletal muscle during vigorous exercise be compared to the rest of the body.

a)10-20x
b)20-40x
c) 30-40x

A

c) 30-40x

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12
Q

does body temp change throughout the day? by how much

A

yes

1 degree

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13
Q

is body temo higher or lower in the mornings

A

lower

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14
Q

~50% of body heat loss (therefore body surface area
is a major determinant of BMR)

a)radiation
b)conduction
c)convection
d)evaporation

A

a)radiation

loss of heat by infrared waves

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15
Q

produce insensible water loss and insensible heat loss
10% of basal heat production

a)radiation
b)conduction
c)convection
d)evaporation

A

d)evaporation

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16
Q

enhanced by any process which moves air more rapidly across the body surface (wind or fan)

a)radiation
b)conduction
c)convection
d)evaporation

A

c)convection

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17
Q

direct physical contact with one another (eg. heat to body from a warm tub; heat from warm buttocks to the seat of a chair)

a)radiation
b)conduction
c)convection
d)evaporation

A

b)conduction

18
Q

sharp drop in shell temperature
and conservation of core temperature.

(a) Vasoconstriction of cutaneous blood vessels
(b) Shivering:
(c) Increase in metabolic rate:
(d) Enhanced thyroxine release:

A

(a) Vasoconstriction of cutaneous blood vessels

19
Q

Extreme emotional states (sympathetic ns) can cause a body temp increase of ~10C, and increased perspiration used to shed heat.

T or F

A

T

20
Q

name experience when evaporation of sensible process of body temp occurs

A

sweating when working out

21
Q

two of thermoregulatory centers:

A
  • heat-loss centre
  • heat-promoting centre
22
Q

Hypothalamus receives afferent input from
- peripheral thermoreceptors (located in the

a) shell
b)core
c)thymus

A

a) shell

23
Q

Hypothalamus receives afferent input from
-central thermoreceptors (located in the

a) shell
b)core
c)thymus

A

b)core

24
Q

stimulate stretch receptors causes involuntary shuddering

(a) Vasoconstriction of cutaneous blood vessels
(b) Shivering:
(c) Increase in metabolic rate:
(d) Enhanced thyroxine release:

A

(b) Shivering:

25
Q

Gradual lowering of external temperature (eg: fall to winter) leads to an increased
secretion of TRH

(a) Vasoconstriction of cutaneous blood vessels
(b) Shivering:
(c) Increase in metabolic rate:
(d) Enhanced thyroxine release:

A

(d) Enhanced thyroxine release:

only found in infants

26
Q

which is only found in infants

(a) Vasoconstriction of cutaneous blood vessels
(b) Shivering:
(c) Increase in metabolic rate:
(d) Enhanced thyroxine release:

A

(d) Enhanced thyroxine release:

27
Q

cold stimulates release of epinephrine and norepinephrine by adrenal medulla

termed chemical or Non shivering thermogenesis

(a) Vasoconstriction of cutaneous blood vessels
(b) Shivering:
(c) Increase in metabolic rate:
(d) Enhanced thyroxine release:

A

(c) Increase in metabolic rate:

brown fat

in adults can generate heat by burning triglycerides and
glucose.

28
Q

what does pyrogens mean and what do they do

A

little fires.

chemical acts on hypothalamus triggering rise in temp

FEVER

29
Q

Neuropeptide Y/agouti-related Peptide (NPY/AGRP)

a)stimulates appetit via LHA

b) suppress appetite via corticotropin releasing hormone by the VMH

A

a

30
Q

(POMC/CART) neurons release melanocortins

a)stimulates appetit via LHA

b) suppress appetite via corticotropin releasing hormone by the VMH

A

b) suppress appetite via corticotropin releasing hormone by the VMH

31
Q

stretch receptor inhibit or increas appetit

A

inhibit

32
Q

What does CCK do in relation to food

A

satiety signal depress hunger

block NPY

33
Q

what does glucagon and epinephrine do in relation to food

A

stimulate hunger

34
Q

what is the most powerful Appetite stimulant?

A

grhelin

35
Q

what does insulin do

A

satiety signal depress hunger.

36
Q

when do glucagon levels rise

A

during fasting

37
Q

does increase body temp increase or depress hunger

A

depress

38
Q

what happens when eating in cold climates

A

increased eating

39
Q

physiological factor in the obese

A

higher set point

40
Q

Leptin

inhibits ___ secretion
increases ___ expression

meaning what

A

inhibits NPY secretion
increases cart expression

inhibition of appetite until adipose stores decrease

ANP1107 (5 decks)

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