Ch.23 Animal Tissues and Organ Systems

Question 1

extracellular matrix

Answer 1

collagen and elastic glycoprotein excreted outside cell

Question 2

motile

Answer 2

mobile

Question 3

blastula

Answer 3

a hollow sphere of cells that is able to be tamed

Question 4

organizational hierarchy

Answer 4

cells –> tissues –> organs –> organ systems

Question 5

anatomy

Answer 5

study of the structure and form of bodies

Question 6

physiology

Answer 6

study of the function of the body parts

Question 7

ovum

Answer 7

egg

Question 8

zygote

Answer 8

egg and sperm that is fertilized
-contains genome

Question 9

differential gene expression

Answer 9

gene expression- taking information from DNA and making it into an RNA then making protein (central dogma)

Question 10

epithelial

Answer 10

covering; protection; secretion; absorption

Question 11

connective

Answer 11

support; adhesion; insulation; attachment; transportation

Question 12

muscle

Answer 12

movement

Question 13

nervous

Answer 13

rapid communication among cells

Question 14

simple squamous ET

Answer 14

composition: 1 layer of flattened cells
functions: allows substances to pass by diffusion and osmosis
location: lining of blood vessels; aveoli of lungs

Question 15

simple cuboidal ET

Answer 15

composition: 1 layer of cubed cells
functions: secretes and absorbs substances
locations: glands; lining of kidney tubules

Question 16

simple columnar ET

Answer 16

Composition: 1 layer of colum-shaped cells (may be ciliated)
functions: secretes and aborbs substances; sweeps egg/embryo along uterine tube
l
ocations: lining of digestive tract (not ciliated); bronchi of lungs (ciliated); uterine tubes (ciliated)

Question 17

stratified squamous ET

Answer 17

composition: multiple layers of flattened cells
functions: protects areas subject to abrasion; prevents water loss and infection
locations: outer layer of skin; lining of body openings

Question 18

basement membrane

Answer 18

layer nchored to extracellular matrix
-helps connect with other tissues

Question 19

connective tissue

Answer 19

fills spaces in the body, protects organs, and provides structural support and systemic transport.
-contains very few cells and lots of extracellular matrix

Question 20

connective tissue types

Answer 20

1. blood
2. bone
3. cartilage
4. Adipose
5. loose connective tissue
6. dense connective tissue

Question 21

tendon

Answer 21

connects muscle to bone

Question 22

ligament

Answer 22

connects bone to bone

Question 23

adipose tissue

Answer 23

composition: fat cells in minimal matrix
function: stores fat for energy and insukation
location: beneath skin, between muscles and heart and joints

Question 24

blood

Answer 24

-

Question 25

bone

Answer 25

-

Question 26

cartilage

Answer 26

-

Question 27

loose connective tissue

Answer 27

-

Question 28

dense connective tissue

Answer 28

-

Question 29

muscle cells

Answer 29

issue consists of cells that contract/shorten whenelectrically stimulated. The proteins actin and myosin mediate muscle cell contractions.

Question 30

smooth muscle

Answer 30

-

Question 31

cardiac muscle

Answer 31

-

Question 32

skeletal muscle

Answer 32

-

Question 33

nervous tissue

Answer 33

composition: neurons, neuroglia
functions: detects stimuli; conveys information throughout body
location: brain, spinal cord, nerves

Question 34

communication system

Answer 34

nervous system
-rapid electrical communication.
endocrine system
-produces and secretes
hormones, which are
used for chemical
communication

Question 35

Support and movement

Answer 35

skeletal system
- The skeletal system consists of bones, cartilage, tendons, and ligaments.

muscular system
- Each skeletal muscle is attached to a bone, which is moved as the muscle contracts.

Question 36

Energy acquisition

Answer 36

digestive system
respiratory system
circulatory system

Question 37

protection system

Answer 37

The urinary, integumentary, immune, and lymphatic systems eliminate toxic substances and infectious microorganisms that harm the body.

Question 38

Reproductive systems

Answer 38

Reproductive systems

Question 39

sensor

Answer 39

receptor- senses the condition
ie) thermostat

Question 40

control center

Answer 40

(integrator)- compares current condition to a set-point
–send signals
-hypothalamus

Question 41

Effectors

Answer 41

mechanisms that reverse (negative feedback) or exacerbate (positive feedback) the condition

Question 42

Thermoregulation

Answer 42

control of body temperature

Question 43

endothermic

Answer 43

metabolic heat generated internally and regulated physiologically
—Birds and some mammals

Question 44

Ectothermic

Answer 44

most animal species rely on external conditions to thermoregulate.

Question 45

vasoconstriction

Answer 45

constrict blood vessles
shiver response

Question 46

vasodilation

Answer 46

relaxation of blood vessles sweating/ panting