Ch.22: Genomics I: Analysis of DNA

Question 1

What is genomics? What is a genome?

Answer 1

-genomics refers to the molecular analysis of the entire
genome of a species

-genome refers to the total genetic composition of an organism

Question 2

What is proteomics?

Answer 2

the study of all the proteins encoded by the genome and their interactions

Question 3

How many base pairs is a map unit typically in a eukaryotic organism?

Answer 3

1,000,000 to 2,000,000 base pairs

Question 4

What does polymorphic mean in regards to linkage mapping?

Answer 4

As with alleles, the characteristics of molecular markers may vary from individual to individual

Question 5

What is the Restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP)

Answer 5

In a region of the chromosome the distance between two restriction sites can vary amongst different individuals

Question 6

What are Microsatellite?

Answer 6

Sites in the chromosome where repeated short sequences that range from 50 -200 bp vary amongst different individual

Question 7

How do you use microsatellites to map genes?

Answer 7

Usually the mother and father are heterozygous for a specific microsatellite. Their offspring receives one microsatellite region from the mother and one microsatellite from the father

Question 8

How can microsatellites patterns be used?

Answer 8

to identify the location of disease causing alleles.
- Assumes that a disease-causing allele had its origin in a single individual known as a founder, who lived many generations ago and they likely had a polymorphic molecular marker near the disease causing mutant allele

Question 9

How do you do physical mapping via cloning and DNA sequencing?

Answer 9

to do this a series of clones must be identified that contain overlapping pieces of chromosomal DNA that are identified via homology. Such a collection of clones, is known as a contig

Question 10

What are YACs, BACs, and PACs typically used to create?

Answer 10

libraries in order to generate physical maps of chromosome

Question 11

What do cosmids do? How are they made?

Answer 11

sequence the genome; the chromosomal regions in the contigs are subcloned into cosmids for sequencing

Question 12

Detail the statistics of human protein-coding genes

Answer 12

-There are about 20,000 human protein-coding genes
-98% of the genome does not code for genes
-Greater than 50% of the genome consists of repetitive DNA derived from transposable elements:
- LINEs (20%)
- SINEs (13%)
- LTR retrotransposons (8%)
- DNA transposons (3%

Question 13

What is metagenomics?

Answer 13

the study of the complex mixture of genetic material obtained from an environmental sample (soil, water, fecal, etc.)