ch.21 Flashcards
What are carboxylic acid derivatives?
compounds with -OH group replaced by another substituent
Most common carboxylic acid derivatives?
Acid halides, acid anhydrides, esters, and amides
Most common carboxylic acid derivatives in biological molecules?
Thioesters and acyl phosphates
What reaction type dominates carboxylic acid derivatives?
Nucleophilic acyl substitution reaction
What is the nucelophilic acyl substitution reaction mechanism?
Addition of nucleophile to polar carbonyl group of the acid derivative followed by explusion of a leaving group
What is the intermediate for the nucleophilic acyl substitution reaction?
Tetrahedral intermediate
What does the reactivity of an acid derivative depend on?
Steric environment near the carbonyl group and the electronic nature of substituent
Reactivity order of the derivatives?
Acid halide>acid anhydride>thioester>ester>amide
Hydrolysis Reaction
substitution by water to yield acid
Alcoholysis Reaction
substitution by an alcohol to yield as ester
Aminolysis Reaction
substituion by an amine to yield and amide
Reduction Reaction
substitution by hydride ion to yield an alcohol
Grignard Reaction
substitution by an organomagnesium halide to yield an alcohol
Step-Growth Polymers
polyamids/polyesters
How are step-growth polymers prepared?
By reactions between difunctional molecules
