Ch.2 Theories of Development Flashcards

1
Q

Psychosexual theory - Sigmund Freud

A

-internal drives and emotions influence behavior
-3 personality types: id, ego, and superego

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2
Q

Sigmund Freud

Psychoanalytic Theories

Hidden memories of traumatic childhood events are often repressed/hidden

A

-Freud proposed that hidden memories of traumatic childhood events are often hidden or repressed
-most people retain the traumatic memories, but false memories can be created if repressed memories are explored
-specific training aids therapists to recall concrete evidence for memories

False memories maybe created if repressed memorie are explored

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3
Q

5 stages of Freud’s Psychosexual stages

A
  1. Oral (birth - 1 yr)
  2. Anal (1-3 yrs)
  3. Phallic (3-6 yrs)
  4. latency (6-12 yrs)
  5. Genital (12 yrs)
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4
Q

Psychosocial Theory (Erik Erikson)

A

-Development is influenced by common cultural standards and internal drives
-each psychosocial stage requires resolution of a crisis
-healthy development requires a favorable ratio of positive to negative experiences

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5
Q

Erikson’s psychosocial stages

A
  1. Trust vs. mistrust (birth - 1yr)
  2. Autonomy vs. shame and doubt (1-3 yrs)
  3. Initiative vs. guilt (3-6 yrs)
  4. Industry vs. inferiority (6-12 yrs)
  5. Identity vs. role confusion (12-18 yrs)
  6. Intimacy vs. isolation (16-30 yrs)
  7. Generativity vs. stagnation (30 yrs- late adulthood)
  8. Integrity vs. despair (late adulthood)
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6
Q

Which stages of his theory did Erikson say forms the foundation of the adult personality?

A

the first four stages (childhood-adulthood transition is influential)

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7
Q

Learning theories (Ivan Pavlov)

A

-Classical conditioning
-Reflex
-Stimulus

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8
Q

Classical conditioning

A

learning process that occurs through associations and naturally occurring stimulus

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9
Q

Reflex

A

Stimulus-response connection

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10
Q

Learned

A

conditioned stimulus elicits conditioned response

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11
Q

Learning theories (B.F. Skinner)

A

Operant conditioning: deals with the modification of voluntary behavior
-behaviors are dependent on reinforcement

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12
Q

4 types of reinforcement (B.F. Skinner’s Operant Conditioning)

A
  1. Positive reinforcement: adding a pleasurable stimulus
  2. Negative reinforcement: removing an unpleasant stimulus
  3. Punishment: any event/object that follows a response and makes the response less likely to happen again
  4. Extinction: the removal of a reinforcer
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13
Q

Social Cognitive Theory - Albert Bandura

A

Learning results from seeing a model reinforced or punished for behavior
-dependent on 4 factors: attention, memory, physical abilities, and motivation

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14
Q

4 factors the Social Cognitive Theory is dependent on

A
  1. Attention
  2. Memory
  3. Physical Capabilities
  4. Motivation
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15
Q

Cognitive theories

A

emphasizes mental aspects of development, such as logic and memory

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16
Q

Jean Piaget’s Cognitive Development Stages

A
  1. Sensorimotor (0-2)
  2. Preoperational (2-7)
  3. Concrete Operations (7-11)
  4. Formal Operations (12+)
17
Q
A