CH2: Research Methods in Psychology Flashcards
Inductive Reasoning
Reasoning that comes from specific situations and using them to generate general truths.
Deductive Reasoning
Reasoning that is based off of vague principles/understanding and applying them to specific situations.
Hypothetico-Deductive Reasoning
Reasoning that begins with a hypothesis, then conducting tests to prove or invalidate the hypothesis.
Scientific Method
Make observations
Develop hypothesises
Test hypothesises
Build a theory
Correlational Method
measurement of 2 variables and the relationship between them.
Experimental Method
The gold standard, helps researchers better determine causality.
Strengths and Limitations of Correlational
Strength: Provides a measure on how 2 things relate.
Limitations: Does not equal causation, the nature of the relationship can be unclear.
Strengths and Limitations of Experimental
Strength: Allows researchers to test causality and tightly controlled to manipulate the Independant variable.
Limitations: Extremely time consuming and difficult to conduct, cannot be generalized.
Independant Variable
Variable meant to be manipulated by the researcher.
Extraneous Variable
Other than the IV that could effect the results from the test.
Confound Variable
Effects the results of the experiment in a way that makes the results invalid, confound the “true” relationship between the two variables.
Dependant Variable
Outcome from the test that has been effected by the manipulated IV.
Hawthorne Effect
The effect that when you’re being watched, you perform better in the environment, simply because you’re being watched, not becuase of experimental manipulation.
Scientific Materialism
Views all phenomena as the product of material interactions
Random Sampling
A technique where each and every person in a population has equal chance to be selected.
