ch2 pt1

Question 1

Physical properties of semi-solid

Answer 1

a) Smooth texture
b) Elegant in appearance
c) Non dehydrating
d) Non gritty
e) Non greasy and non staining
f) Non hygroscopic

Question 2

Physiological properties of semi-solid

Answer 2

a) Non irritating
c) Miscible with skin secretion
d) Do not alter membrane/skin function
e) Have low sensitization effect

Question 3

Application properties of semi-solid

Answer 3

a) Easily applicable with efficient drug release
b) High aqueous washability

Question 4

Advantages of semi-solid

Answer 4

Avoids first pass metabolism of drugs
Site specific action of drug on affected area
Convenient for unconscious patients
More stable than liquid dosage forms

Question 5

Disadvantages of semi-solid

Answer 5

May cause staining
They are bulky to handle
Less stable than solid dosage forms
May cause irritation, and allergic reactions

Question 6

Permeation enhancers

Answer 6

dimethyl sulfoxide
ethanol
propylene glycol
surfactants

Question 7

Advantages of transdermal delivery

Answer 7

 Avoiding hepatic first pass effect.
 Continuous drug delivery.
 Fewer side effect.
 Therapy can be terminated at any time.
 Improved patient compliance

Question 8

Disadvantages of transdermal delivery

Answer 8

 Cosmetically non-appealing.
 May display erratic (irregular) absorption.

Question 9

antimicrobial preservative FOR Ointments

Answer 9

Methyl hydroxybenzoate.

Question 10

ANTIOXIDANTS FOR Ointments

Answer 10

butylated hydroxy anisole

Question 11

HUMECTANTS FOR Ointments

Answer 11

glycerol

Question 12

FRAGRANCES FOR Ointments

Answer 12

lavender oil