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ABA Basic Principles > Ch.2 Observing and Recording Bx > Flashcards

Ch.2 Observing and Recording Bx Flashcards

1
Q

Behavioral Assessment

A

Measurement of target bx in behavior modification

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2
Q

Why are behavioral assessments important

A

-helps determine if Tx is necessary
-provide info to help choose the best Tx
-measuring before and after Tx helps determine if Bx changed after Tx was implemented

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3
Q

Indirect Assessment

A

Means of obtaining info on the bx from the person engaging in the bx or from the people in their life (parents, friends, etc.)

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4
Q

Types of Indirect Assessments

A

Questionnaires, interviews, rating scales

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5
Q

Pros and Cons of Indirect Assessments

A

Pro: can help decide when to perform Direct Assessment

Con: doesn’t occur during bx, relies on other people’s recall, some people can be biased

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6
Q

Direct Assessment

A

an individual (or camera) observes and records the behavior of interest as it occurs

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7
Q

Why is Direct Assessment preferred

A

The observers are trained specifically to record the target bx (that was operationally defined) and record the occurrence immediately

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8
Q

Steps to Develop a Behavior Recording Plan

A
  1. Define bx
  2. Determine when you will record
  3. Choose a recording method
  4. Choose a recording instrument
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9
Q

Behavioral Definition

A

includes active verbs describing specific behaviors that a person exhibits; objective and unambiguous

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10
Q

Interobserver Agreement

A

when two people independently observe the same behavior and both record that the behavior occurred

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11
Q

Social Validity

A

when the client and individuals in their life agree that the behavior(s) of interest is/are important and acceptable

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12
Q

Qualities of the observer

A

-close proximity to person engaging in bx
-trained to observe and record bx immediately
-willing to be an observer and has the time to observe and record

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13
Q

Structured Observation

A

observer arranges for specific events or activities to occur during the observation period

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14
Q

Unstructured Observation

A

no specific events or activities are arranged and no instructions are given during observation period

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15
Q

Types of Recoridng Method

A

Continuous, Interval, Product, Time Sampling

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16
Q

Continuous Recording

A

Observer observes client continuously throughout the observation period and records each occurrence of bx; must be able to identify onset and offset

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17
Q

Real-time Recording

A

exact time of each onset and offset is also recorded

18
Q

Intensity (magnitude)

A

amount of force, energy, or exertion involved in the bx

19
Q

Intensity (magnitude)

A

amount of force, energy, or exertion involved in the bx

20
Q

Why might it be important to measure more than one dimension after treatment?

A

Because more than one dimension of the behavior could have been changed. The duration could be short after treatment, but the frequency significantly increased. Or the frequency decreased, but eh duration or intensity increased.

21
Q

Percentage of Opportunities

A

percentage of trials or percent correct (# of responses / # of opportunities to respond)

22
Q

Product Recording (Permanent Product)

A

Indirect assessment that can be used when a bx results in a certain tangible outcome that you’re interested in

23
Q

Pros and Cons of Product Recording

A

Pros: observer does not have to be present when the bx occurs
Cons: cannot always determine who engaged in the behavior that led to the product you recorded

24
Q

Pros and Cons of Product Recording

A

Pros: observer does not have to be present when the bx occurs
Cons: cannot always determine who engaged in the behavior that led to the product you recorded

25
Q

Interval Recording

A

Method for recording bx in which you record whether the bx occurred during consecutive time periods or intervals
(# of intervals bx occurred / total # of intervals in obs. period)

26
Q

Frequency-within-interval-recording

A

observer records frequency of the target bx but does so within consecutive intervals of time in the observation period

27
Q

Time Sample Recording

A

Divide observation period into intervals of time but observe and record the bx during only part of each interval

28
Q

Time Sample Recording (2)

A

Record the occurrence or nonoccurrence of behavior in discontinuous intervals of time (time samples) during an observation period

29
Q

Time Sample Recording (2)

A

Record the occurrence or nonoccurrence of behavior in discontinuous intervals of time (time samples) during an observation period

30
Q

Why is reactivity undesired

A

the bx recorded during this observation period is not a representative sample of the level of the bx occurring in the absence of the observer or in the absence of self-monitoring

31
Q

What are the 2 ways to reduce reactivity

A

-wait until the individual becomes used to the presence of the camera/observer
-use discreet observation methods (hidden camera, one-way observation windows, a double agent)

32
Q

Why might reactivity be desirable

A

When a person starts to record their own bx as part of a self-management project, bx often changes in the desired direction as a result of self-monitoring

33
Q

Interval Recording IOA calculation

A

of intervals of agreement / total # of intervals

34
Q

Occurrence only IOA

A

-intervals where both observers scored bx are counted as agreements. Intervals where both observers did not score an occurrence of the bx are not used in the calculation
-more conservative measure of IOA for low-rate bx because it is easier to agree on the occurrence of the bx by chance

35
Q

Occurrence only IOA calculation

A

Number of intervals with agreements on occurrence of bx / (intervals with agreements + intervals of disagreements)

36
Q

Nonoccurrence only IOA

A

-intervals where both observers agreed the bx did not occur are counted as agreements. Intervals where both observers scored an occurrence of the behavior are not used in the calculation
-more conservative measure of IOA for high-rate bx because it is easier to agree on the occurrence of the bx by chance

37
Q

Nonoccurrence only IOA calculation

A

of intervals with agreements on nonoccurrence of bx / (# of agreements + disagreements)

38
Q

Nonoccurrence only IOA calculation

A

of intervals with agreements on nonoccurrence of bx / (# of agreements + disagreements)

39
Q

Frequency-within-interval IOA

A

percentage of agreement between observers for each interval (smaller frequency / larger frequency), sum the percentage for all intervals, and divide the number of intervals in the observation period

40
Q

Frequency-within-interval IOA calculation

A

-Find % agreement between observers for each interval (smaller frequency / larger frequency)
-Sum of all percentages / # of intervals in observation period

ABA Basic Principles (4 decks)

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