CH2: Nation States and Globalisation

Question 1

state

Answer 1

independent, self-governing political community whose governing institutions have the capacity to make rules binding on the pop residing within a particular territory

Question 2

government

Answer 2

set of institutions that makes decisions and oversees their implementation on behalf of the state for a particular period of time

Question 3

sovereignty

Answer 3

principle that states are the highest authority for their population and territory and not subject to external authority

Question 4

governance

Answer 4

making and implanting of decisions with involvement of state and non-state organizations

Question 5

failed state

Answer 5

state unable to enforce laws, maintain order, protect lives of citizens, and provide basic services

Question 6

nation-state

Answer 6

sovereign state based on people living in a country who share a sense of common identity as members of a particular nation

Question 7

nation

Answer 7

group of people who share a sense of common identity and typically believe they should be self-governing within their homeland

Question 8

nationalism

Answer 8

idea that nation-state is the best form of poli community, that a nation should have its own self-governing state, and the interests, culture, and values of nation should be promoted

Question 9

ethnic nationalism

Answer 9

based on common ancestry, shared cultural traditions and language associated with an ethnic group

Question 10

civic nationalism

Answer 10

based on shared political values and political history of citizens of a country

Question 11

national self-determination

Answer 11

idea that nations should have the right to determine their political status, including choosing their own sovereign state

Question 12

binational or multinational states

Answer 12

states whose populations are composed of two or more nations

Question 13

official multiculturalism

Answer 13

policy of recognising the cultural diversity of the country and providing encouragement and support for different cultures to help them retain and foster their cultures and traditions

Question 14

citizenship

Answer 14

idea that country’s permanent residents are full members of the political community with certain duties and rights

Question 15

differentiated citizenship

Answer 15

when members of certain groups have different citizenship rights because of particular situations (historic rights, discrimination, or oppression)

Question 16

globalisation

Answer 16

processes that are increasing the interconnectedness of the world

Question 17

what do states have a monopoly on?

Answer 17

legitimate use of force within their territory

Question 18

what is the role of a state?

Answer 18

• provide law, order, and security
• regulate, grow, and stabilize econ
• provide education, healthcare, social services to public

Question 19

what are the origins of the modern state?

Answer 19

• developed in Europe over past few centuries
• decline of feudal system led to war
• Peace of Westphalia (1648) states that states are the highest authority in their territories and may not interfere in the affairs of other states
• development of bodies to represent areas creates taxes, war funding, and administrative structure
• common languages
• education systems
• laws governing business and industry
• independent structures of laws and institutions which rulers are trusted to administer on behalf of the community

Question 20

what is the UN’s stance on human rights?

Answer 20

a collective international responsibility to protect people from genocide, war crimes, ethnic cleansing, and crimes against humanity

Question 21

where does sense of national identity come from?

Answer 21

• ties to territory
• shared characteristic
• shared experiences to a given territory
• shared values

Question 22

how do governments attempt to replace local/regional culture with national ones?

Answer 22

• creation of myths and histories
• exclusion of certain groups

Question 23

what are some of the actions taken under guise of nationalism?

Answer 23

• limit foreign cultural influence and investment
• sometimes expand boundaries to encompass historically significant areas or increase power
• some achieve autonomy or substantial degree of self-government

Question 24

what are some of the possible effects of ethnic nationalism?

Answer 24

• oppression of minority groups
• ethnic cleansing
• forcible removal or massacre of minorities
• war if attempts to seize land of other countries occurs

Question 25

what are some of the characteristics of civic nationalism?

Answer 25

• more inclusive than ethnic
• treats citizens equal regardless of characteristics
• encourages adoption of common political beliefs and values
• promote loyalty thru patriotic rituals

Question 26

pros and cons of multicultural states

Answer 26

• proponents:
  ○ diversity desirable
  ○ tolerance and acceptance strengthens national unity
• critics:
  ○ could conflict with individual rights
  (ex. protecting discriminatory cultural practices

Question 27

what are the methods of citizenship obtainment?

Answer 27

○ birthright
○ parental
○ naturalization
○ marriage
○ ethnic background

Question 28

pros and cons of globalisation

Answer 28

• pro: increase overall economic efficiency
  ○ allows focus on producing at lowest cost and obtaining other things from elsewhere where it’s cheaper
• con: econ problems of one country can quickly spread to others
  ○ decreases ability of national governments to control economy
  ○ large multi-national corporations can influence governments
  ○ can move to cheaper wage countries to produce and pressure workers in richer countries to accept lower wages to maintain their job
  ○ state owned corporations have been recently increasingly privatized but some countries still have state influence over corporations (ex. China)

Question 29

what are the effects of globalisation on the state?

Answer 29

• increased pressure to adopt policies to encourage international economy
• reduce role of government in regulating the economy
• cut taxes that fund social benefits
• governments still more involved than in past
• increased surveillance
• strengthens national identities as people seek stability
• many international institutions don’t have significant legitimacy over population
• critics:
  ○ international institutions undermine the power of states bc they have to respond to them
  less power to improve the well-being of their population means fuels separatist movements