Ch2: Infection Control Principles And Practices Flashcards
OSHA
(occupational safety and health administration)
A federal agency created as part of the US Department of Labor to regulate and enforce safety and health standards to protect employees in the workplace
Bacteria; singular bacterium
one-celled microorganisms that have both plant and animal characteristics . Some are harmful; Some are harmless
Safety Data Sheets (SDS)
information compiled by the manufacturer about product safety, including the names of hazardous ingredients, safe handling and use procedures, precautions to reduce the risk of accidental harm or overexposure, and flammability warnings
Disinfectants
chemical products that destroy all bacteria, fungi, and viruses (but not spores) on surfaces.
Hospital disinfectants
disinfectants that are effective for cleaning blood and body fluids
Nonporous surfaces
surfaces that are made or constructed of a material that has no pores or openings and cannot absorb liquids.
Tuberculocidal disinfectants
disinfectants that kill the bacteria that causes tuberculosis
Decontamination
the removal of blood or other potentially infectious materials from the surface of an item and the removal of visible debris or residue such as dust, hair, and skin.
Cleaning
a mechanical process (scrubbing) using soap and water or detergent and water to remove all visible dirt, debris, and many disease-causing germs. Cleaning also removes invisible debris that interferes with disinfection. Cleaning is what natural stylists are required to do before disinfecting.
Disinfection
A chemical process that uses specific products to destroy harmful organisms (except bacterial spores) on environmental surfaces
Sterilization
the process that completely destroys all microbial life, including spores
Microorganisms
any organism of microscopic or sub-microscopic size
Nonpathogenic bacteria
harmless microorganisms that may perform Useful functions and are safe to come in contact with because they don’t cause disease or harm
Antibiotics
a medicine (such as penicillin or its derivatives) that inhibits the growth of or destroys microorganisms
Pathogenic bacteria
harmful microorganisms that can cause disease and infection in humans when they invade the body
Cocci
round-shaped organisms that appear singly or in groups. The three types are staphylococci, strep to cocci, and diplococci
Staphylococci
pus-forming bacteria that grow in clusters like a bunch of grapes. They cause abscesses, pustules, and boils
Streptococci
pus- forming bacteria arranged in curved lines resembling a string of beads. They cause infections such as strep throat and blood poisoning.
Diplococci
Spherical bacteria that grow in pairs and cause diseases such as pneumonia.
Bacilli
short, rod-shaped bacteria. They are the most common bacteria and produce diseases such as tetanus (lockjaw) , typhoid fever, Tuberculosis, and diptheria
Spirilla
A bacterium with a rigid spiral structure, found in stagnant water and sometimes causing disease
Flagella
One toeight long, slender, hair like extensions used by bacilli and spirilla for locomotion (moving about) ; may also be called cilia
Cilia
hundreds of slender, hair like extensions used by bacilli and spirilla for locomotion (moving about)
Binary fission
the division of bacteria cells into two new cells called daughter cells
Spore
a tiny, typically one-celled reproductive unit capable ofgiving rise to a new individual without sexual fusion; Characteristic of lower plants, fungi, and protozoans.
Inflammation
a condition in which the body reacts to injury, irritation, or infection and is characterized by swelling, redness, and heat or fever and pain.
MRSA
(Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus Aureus)
A type of infectious bacteria that is highly resistant to conventional treatments such as antibiotics
Contagious Disease
(communicable disease)
Disease that is spread to another person. Some of the most contagious diseases are common cold, ringworm, conjunctivitis, viral infections, and natural nail or toe and foot infections.
Communicable
Contagious
Virus
a parasitic, sub-microscopic particle that infects and resides in cells of biological organisms. A virus can replicate only by taking over the host cell’s reproductive functions .
Hepatitis
a bloodborne virus characterized by inflammation of the liver, which causes disease and can damage the liver.
Hepatitis A
a bloodborne virus that causes diseases and can damage the liver.
Hepatitis B
(HBV;serum hepatitis)
a more serious infection that is often spread by body fluids or sexual contact.
Immunization
the act of making a human unsusceptible to a pathogen
Hepatitis C (HCV)
A virus whose symptoms are similar to those of hepatitis B and that is sometimes associated with the HIV infection. Hepatitis C is mostoften the type of hepatitis infection people acquire from blood transfusions and intravenous drug use
Hepatitis D (HDV)
a virus that can develop only in people who have the hep B virus
HIV
(Human Immunodeficiency Virus)
a virus that causes acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)
AIDS
(Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome)
A disease that breaks down the body’s immune system. AIDS is caused by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)
Fungi
microscopic plant parasites, including molds, mildews, and yeasts; fungi can produce contagious diseases, such as ring worm.
Mildew
a type of fungus that affects plants or grows on inanimate objects but does not cause human infections in the salon.
Tinea
technical term for ringworm, a con tagious condition caused by fungal infection and not a parasite, characterized by itching, scales, and sometimes painful lesions.
Tinea capitis
a fungal infection of the scalp characterized by red papules or spots at the openings of the hair follicles.
Tinea favosa ( tinea favus )
an infection characterized by dry, sulfur-yellow, cup like crusts (scutula) on the scalp.
scutula
dry, sulfur-yellow, cuplike crusts on the scalp that have a distinctive odor
tinea barbae
the most frequently encountered fungal infection resulting from hair services; also know as barber’s itch. Tinea barbae is a superficial fungal infection that commonly affects the skin. It is primarily limited to the bearded areas of the face and neck or around the scalp
Parasites
Organisms that grow, feed and shelter on or in another organism (host), while contributing nothing to that organism’s survival. Parasites must have a host to survive.
Pediculosis Capitis (head lice)
infestation of the hair and scalp with head lice
scabies
a contagious skin disease That is caused by the itch mite, which burrows under the skin
Immune System
protects the body from disease by developing immunities and destroying diseqse-causing bacteria
Naturally acquired immunity
an immunity that is partly inherited & partly developed through healthy living.
Artificially Acquired Immunity
immunity that the body develops after overcoming a disease, receiving inoculation(such as flu vaccinations), or having exposure to natural allergens such as pollen, cat dander, and ragweed.
Decontamination Method 1
cleaning and disinfecting
Reduce Contaminants with soap (detergent) and water then disinfect with an EPA-approved disinfectant
Decontamination Method 2
CIeaning and Sterilizing
Removing Contaminants with a detergent then sterilizing with heat and pressure in an autoclave (kills spore- forming bacteria on implements)
Types of Disinfectants
Quaternary Ammonium Compounds (KWATZ)
Phenolic Disinfectants
Powerful tuberculosisdal disinfectants
are a form of formaldehyde
very high pH
can damage skin & eyes
Can be harmful to the environment if put down the drain
can damage plastic & rubber & can cause some metals to rust
Bleach (Sodium Hypochlorite)
a chemical ( Typically a solution of sodium hypochlorite or hydrogen peroxide ) used to whiten or sterilize materials
Multi use vs. single use
Antiseptics
substances that prevent the growth of disease-causing microorganisms
Efficacy
To be effective according to the label instructions
Tea Tree Oil
aka “ Medicine kit in a bottle”
Australia
-clear, aromatic oil that increases the healing process
- escalates skin regeneration
- effective on itchy scalps and dandruff
- can return normal pigmentation loss
Aloe plant
-long, tapered, thick green leaves
- contain a light emulsire sap that can be applied to cuts and burns
- aids in regeneration of new tissue when scarring and normal pigmentation has been affected
-benzoin tincture + aloe vera = antiseptic solution that prevents blistering
Porous
an item that is made or constructed of a material that has pores or openings. these items are absorbent
EPA
Environmental Protection Agency
Safety Data sheets (SDS)
information sheets that provide content and active ingredients, dangers, combustion levels, and storage requirements. must be kept for review and inspection.
Universal Precautions
a set of guidelines published by OSHA that require the employer and the employee to assume that all human blood and body fluids are infectious for bloodborne pathogens
Asymptomatic
showing no symptoms or signs of infection
Exposure Incident
Contact with nonintact (broken) skin, blood, body fluid, or other potentially infectious materials that results from the performance of an employeeis duties.
! EXPOSURE INCIDENT !
- Stop Service
- put on gloves to protect yourself from contact with client’s blood
- Stop the bleeding by applying pressure to the area with a clean cotton ball or piece of gauze.
- When bleeding has stopped, Clean the injured area with an antiseptic Wipe. Every salon must have a first-aid kit.
- Bandage the cut with an adhesive bandage.
- Clean and disinfect your workstation or styling station by using an EPA-registered disinfectant designed for cleaning blood and body fluids.
- Discard all single-use contaminated objects such as wipes or cotton balls by double bagging (place the waste in a plastic bag and then in a trash bag). Place a biohazard sticker (red or Orange ) on the bag, and deposit the bag into a container for contaminated waste. Deposit sharp disposables in a sharps box.
- Before removing gloves , make sure that all multiuse tools and implements that have come into contact with blood or other body fluids are thoroughly cleaned and completely immersed in an EPA-registered disinfectant solution designed for cleaning blood & body fluids , or in a 10% bleach solution for at least 10 mins, or for the time recommended by the product manufacturer. Be sure not to touch other work surfaces in the salon, such as faucets and counters. If you do, these areas must also be properly cleaned and disinfected. Remember: Blood may carry pathogens, so you should never touch an open sore or a wound.
- Remove gloves and double bag along w/ other contaminated items. Wash hands thoroughly.
- Recommend that client see a physician if any signs of redness , swelling, pain, or irritation develop.
RQ1 Describe the basic principles and procedures for infection control
RQ2 Give some examples of state laws and rules regarding infection control.
