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Psychology test 1 > Ch.2- Biopsychology, Neuroscience, & Human Nature > Flashcards

Ch.2- Biopsychology, Neuroscience, & Human Nature Flashcards

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1
Q

What does biopsychology study?

A

Studies the interaction of biology, behavior, and mental processes

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2
Q

How are genes and behavior linked?

A

Evolution has fundamentally shaped psychological processes because it favors genetic variations that produce adaptive behavior.

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3
Q

Natural selection is…

A

Individuals best adapted to the environment are more likely to flourish and reproduce

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4
Q

What is the difference between a genotype and a phenotype?

A

Genotype-GENetic makeup

Phenotype-PHysical/behavioral characteristics

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5
Q

The complete set of generic information contained within the cell is…

A

Genome

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6
Q

A long, complex molecule that encloses genetic characteristics is…

A

DNA

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7
Q

The functional units of a chromosome composed of nucleotides are known as…

A

Genes

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8
Q

What are chromosomes?

A

Tightly coiled threadlike structures along which the genes are organized

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9
Q

Study of genetic effects above and beyond the sequence of DNA

A

Epigenetics

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10
Q

True or false? Genes are able to turn on and off.

A

True

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11
Q

What are the body’s 2 communication systems?

A

Nervous and endocrine

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12
Q

What are neurons and what do they do?

A

Cells of the nervous system; receive, process, & transmit information

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13
Q

What are the 3 types of neurons?

A
  1. Sensory
  2. Motor
  3. Interneuron
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14
Q

Which neuron moves messages Towards the brain

A

Sensory

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15
Q

Which neuron moves messages away from the brain

A

Motor

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16
Q

What do dendrites do?

A

Receives messages from Nuerons

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17
Q

What is the soma?

A

Command center

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18
Q

What do the axons do?

A

Act as transmitters in the brain

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19
Q

What is the myelin sheath?

A

Protective;increases the speed of messages

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20
Q

Messages received by the neuron are either _________or__________.

A

Excitatory or inhibitory

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21
Q

What is a synapse?

A

A microscopic gap where nerve cells don’t touch

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22
Q

What are the chemical messengers of the brain?

A

Neurotransmitters

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23
Q

What is the function of dopamine?

A

Pleasure and reward

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24
Q

What is the function of serotonin?

A

Sleep regulation, dreaming, mood, aggression, appetite, and sexual behavior

25
Q

What is the function of Norepinephrine?

A

Heart Rate, stress, vigilance, and appetite

26
Q

What is the function of acetylcholine?

A

Used by efferent neurons carrying messages from CNS, learning and memory

27
Q

What is the function of GABA?

A

Most prevalent inhibitory neurotransmitter

28
Q

What is the function of glutamate?

A

Primary excitatory neurotransmitter, learning and memory

29
Q

What is the function of endorphins?

A

Pleasure, control of pain

30
Q

What is the difference between agonists and antagonists?

A

An agonist is a drug that enhances or mimic neurotransmitters, an antagonist is a drug that dampens or inhibits the effects of neurotransmitters

31
Q

What do glial cells do?

A

They’re structural support for neurons; they form new synapses and the myelin sheath; aka building blocks of the nervous system

32
Q

What is the ability of the nervous system to adapt or change as a result of experience? It also helps the nervous system adapt to damage

A

Plasticity

33
Q

The central nervous system is composed of…

A

The brain and spinal chord

34
Q

The brain controls one’s ______, while the spinal chord controls one’s _____.

A

Voluntary movement, reflex

35
Q

The left side of the brain controls the _____ side of the body, while the right side controls the _______.

A

Right, left

36
Q

What does the peripheral nervous system do?

A

Connects the CNS with the rest of the body through bundles of sensory and motor axons called nerves

37
Q

What is somatic division?

A

The brain’s communication link with the world

38
Q

What is autonomic division?

A

The self regulating, independent reflexes of the brain

39
Q

The hormone system of the body

A

Endocrine system

40
Q

What is known as the “master gland”? What is it controlled by?

A

The pituitary gland; the hypothalamus

41
Q

How does the brain produce behavior and mental processes?

A

The brain is composed of many specialized modules that work together to create mind and behavior.

42
Q

Records brain waves sensed by electrodes on scalp

A

EEG

43
Q

What is a con of a CT scan?

A

Radioactivity

44
Q

What are the 3 levels of the brain?

A
  1. Brain stem and cerebellum
  2. Limbic system
  3. Cerebrum
45
Q

Where is basically survival controlled?

A

The brain stem

46
Q

The limbic system is composed of…

A

The hippocampus, amygdala, hypothalamus

47
Q

The cerebral cortex is…

A

The brain’s thinking cap where decisions memories and sensations are processed

48
Q

What does the hippocampus do?

A

Controls spatial memory

49
Q

The amygdala controls…

A

Emotions

50
Q

Maintains body’s stable balanced condition

A

Hypothalamus

51
Q

What are the four lobes?

A

Frontal, parietal, temporal, occipital

52
Q

Where is speech controlled?

A

The left frontal lobe

53
Q

Mirror neurons mean that..

A

Brain mirrors observed actions that mean we understand

Others intentions

54
Q

Parietal lobe…

A

Processes sensations

55
Q

What processes sound?

A

The temporal lobe

56
Q

What controls sight?

A

The occipital lobe

57
Q

What does the association Cortex do?

A

Combines information from various other parts of the brain

58
Q

The left hemisphere vs right hemisphere

A

Left:
Language content and communication
Analytic and sequential processing

Right:
Emotional tone and nonverbal communication
Holistic, emotional, and spatial processing

59
Q

Split brain patients are individuals who have had the _______ surgically severed.

A

Corpus callosum

Psychology test 1 (4 decks)

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