Ch.2- Biopsychology, Neuroscience, & Human Nature

Question 1

What does biopsychology study?

Answer 1

Studies the interaction of biology, behavior, and mental processes

Question 2

How are genes and behavior linked?

Answer 2

Evolution has fundamentally shaped psychological processes because it favors genetic variations that produce adaptive behavior.

Question 3

Natural selection is…

Answer 3

Individuals best adapted to the environment are more likely to flourish and reproduce

Question 4

What is the difference between a genotype and a phenotype?

Answer 4

Genotype-GENetic makeup

Phenotype-PHysical/behavioral characteristics

Question 5

The complete set of generic information contained within the cell is…

Answer 5

Genome

Question 6

A long, complex molecule that encloses genetic characteristics is…

Answer 6

DNA

Question 7

The functional units of a chromosome composed of nucleotides are known as…

Answer 7

Genes

Question 8

What are chromosomes?

Answer 8

Tightly coiled threadlike structures along which the genes are organized

Question 9

Study of genetic effects above and beyond the sequence of DNA

Answer 9

Epigenetics

Question 10

True or false? Genes are able to turn on and off.

Answer 10

True

Question 11

What are the body’s 2 communication systems?

Answer 11

Nervous and endocrine

Question 12

What are neurons and what do they do?

Answer 12

Cells of the nervous system; receive, process, & transmit information

Question 13

What are the 3 types of neurons?

Answer 13

1. Sensory
2. Motor
3. Interneuron

Question 14

Which neuron moves messages Towards the brain

Answer 14

Sensory

Question 15

Which neuron moves messages away from the brain

Answer 15

Motor

Question 16

What do dendrites do?

Answer 16

Receives messages from Nuerons

Question 17

What is the soma?

Answer 17

Command center

Question 18

What do the axons do?

Answer 18

Act as transmitters in the brain

Question 19

What is the myelin sheath?

Answer 19

Protective;increases the speed of messages

Question 20

Messages received by the neuron are either _________or__________.

Answer 20

Excitatory or inhibitory

Question 21

What is a synapse?

Answer 21

A microscopic gap where nerve cells don’t touch

Question 22

What are the chemical messengers of the brain?

Answer 22

Neurotransmitters

Question 23

What is the function of dopamine?

Answer 23

Pleasure and reward

Question 24

What is the function of serotonin?

Answer 24

Sleep regulation, dreaming, mood, aggression, appetite, and sexual behavior

Question 25

What is the function of Norepinephrine?

Answer 25

Heart Rate, stress, vigilance, and appetite

Question 26

What is the function of acetylcholine?

Answer 26

Used by efferent neurons carrying messages from CNS, learning and memory

Question 27

What is the function of GABA?

Answer 27

Most prevalent inhibitory neurotransmitter

Question 28

What is the function of glutamate?

Answer 28

Primary excitatory neurotransmitter, learning and memory

Question 29

What is the function of endorphins?

Answer 29

Pleasure, control of pain

Question 30

What is the difference between agonists and antagonists?

Answer 30

An agonist is a drug that enhances or mimic neurotransmitters, an antagonist is a drug that dampens or inhibits the effects of neurotransmitters

Question 31

What do glial cells do?

Answer 31

They’re structural support for neurons; they form new synapses and the myelin sheath; aka building blocks of the nervous system

Question 32

What is the ability of the nervous system to adapt or change as a result of experience? It also helps the nervous system adapt to damage

Answer 32

Plasticity

Question 33

The central nervous system is composed of...

Answer 33

The brain and spinal chord

Question 34

The brain controls one’s ______, while the spinal chord controls one’s _____.

Answer 34

Voluntary movement, reflex

Question 35

The left side of the brain controls the _____ side of the body, while the right side controls the _______.

Answer 35

Right, left

Question 36

What does the peripheral nervous system do?

Answer 36

Connects the CNS with the rest of the body through bundles of sensory and motor axons called nerves

Question 37

What is somatic division?

Answer 37

The brain’s communication link with the world

Question 38

What is autonomic division?

Answer 38

The self regulating, independent reflexes of the brain

Question 39

The hormone system of the body

Answer 39

Endocrine system

Question 40

What is known as the “master gland”? What is it controlled by?

Answer 40

The pituitary gland; the hypothalamus

Question 41

How does the brain produce behavior and mental processes?

Answer 41

The brain is composed of many specialized modules that work together to create mind and behavior.

Question 42

Records brain waves sensed by electrodes on scalp

Answer 42

EEG

Question 43

What is a con of a CT scan?

Answer 43

Radioactivity

Question 44

What are the 3 levels of the brain?

Answer 44

1. Brain stem and cerebellum 2. Limbic system 3. Cerebrum

Question 45

Where is basically survival controlled?

Answer 45

The brain stem

Question 46

The limbic system is composed of...

Answer 46

The hippocampus, amygdala, hypothalamus

Question 47

The cerebral cortex is...

Answer 47

The brain’s thinking cap where decisions memories and sensations are processed

Question 48

What does the hippocampus do?

Answer 48

Controls spatial memory

Question 49

The amygdala controls...

Answer 49

Emotions

Question 50

Maintains body’s stable balanced condition

Answer 50

Hypothalamus

Question 51

What are the four lobes?

Answer 51

Frontal, parietal, temporal, occipital

Question 52

Where is speech controlled?

Answer 52

The left frontal lobe

Question 53

Mirror neurons mean that..

Answer 53

Brain mirrors observed actions that mean we understand | Others intentions

Question 54

Parietal lobe...

Answer 54

Processes sensations

Question 55

What processes sound?

Answer 55

The temporal lobe

Question 56

What controls sight?

Answer 56

The occipital lobe

Question 57

What does the association Cortex do?

Answer 57

Combines information from various other parts of the brain

Question 58

The left hemisphere vs right hemisphere

Answer 58

Left: Language content and communication Analytic and sequential processing Right: Emotional tone and nonverbal communication Holistic, emotional, and spatial processing

Question 59

Split brain patients are individuals who have had the _______ surgically severed.

Answer 59

Corpus callosum